The network nation: human communication via computer
The network nation: human communication via computer
The psychological origins of perceived usefulness and ease-of-use
Information and Management
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Social Presence Online: Networking Learners at a Distance
Education and Information Technologies
An examination of social presence to increase interaction in online classes
An examination of social presence to increase interaction in online classes
Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: review and suggested criteria
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The Impact of Infusing Social Presence in the Web Interface: An Investigation Across Product Types
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
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Nowadays, online learning has become a popular option for students because of its flexibility and more online programs are customized to students' needs. Among all the factors that affect students' online learning experience, social presence is worth much study considering the asynchronous nature of online learning and communication issues between online instructors and students. This paper reviews the origin, major definitions of social presence and research studies throughout history. Authors also document arguments of the optimal amount of social presence and provide instructional design suggestions for the development of online social presence. Further trends for social presence studies are also proposed at the end of the article.