Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification
RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification
System level leakage reduction considering the interdependence of temperature and leakage
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
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Devices powered by an electromagnetic field are inherently power-constrained and thus must carefully manage static and dynamic power. High ambient temperatures and field strengths can increase the temperature of RF-powered devices up to more than 100 degrees Celsius, thereby allowing the leakage current to rise to a dominating portion of the static power consumption. Leakage reduction techniques for application in RF-powered devices are examined in this paper with the goal to avoid malfunction of the device during amplitude modulation-based communication. Results show that without leakage reduction a correct operation cannot be guaranteed for the investigated 130 nm process technology for energy gaps that are defined by the widely applied ISO/IEC 14443-2 standard (100% field modulation). The evaluation of leakage reduction techniques shows that applying body biasing prolongs the data retention time by nearly 200%, while source biasing in general aggravated the circuit's robustness against power gaps (reduction in data retention time by up to 76% loss), as did also voltage scaling (up to 98% reduction).