Adding force feedback to graphics systems: issues and solutions
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
V-COLLIDE: accelerated collision detection for VRML
VRML '97 Proceedings of the second symposium on Virtual reality modeling language
Making graphics physically tangible
Communications of the ACM
A Tactile Feeling Display Based on Selective Stimulation to Skin Receptors
VRAIS '98 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium
SmartTouch: Electric Skin to Touch the Untouchable
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Touch/Force Display System for Haptic Interface
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
3D Virtual worlds and the metaverse: Current status and future possibilities
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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In this paper we present an innovative haptic device that combines the electro-tactile stimulation with the force and visual feedbacks in order to improve the perception of a virtual world. We discuss the sensation evoked in a user by the haptic, force, and the visual interface as provided by this device, implemented as a special glove, equipped with sensors and actuators connected to a PC. The techniques used to recreate tactile and kinesthetic sensations are based on an innovative use of cutaneous stimulation integrated with actuators and 3D modelling techniques. We discuss about the specificity of haptic interfaces, their controllers, their open problems. We present results about generating the sensation of touching virtual objects with our device. Experiments show also that, using a multi-modal sensorial pattern of stimulation, the subject perceives more realistically the virtual object. We discuss the possible use of the same technique as a way to interface intelligent robots.