Clock synchronization of a large multiprocessor system in the presence of malicious faults
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Synchronization of Fault-Tolerant Clocks in the Presence of Malicious Failures
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Fault-Tolerant Computing
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Maintaining the time in a distributed system
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Precision synchronization of computer network clocks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A brief history of NTP time: memoirs of an Internet timekeeper
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
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This paper summarizes issues in computer network timekeeping with respect to the Network Time Protocol, which is used to synchronize time in many of the hosts and gateways of the Internet. It describes the methods used to coordinate and disseminate international time services and how they are incorporated into NTP time servers. It discusses the hazards on reckoning NTP dates with the conventional civil calendar and a standard method for numbering the days. Finally, the paper describes the NTP timescale, its mapping to conventional civil time and date and its interpretation of leap seconds.