Synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Non-byzantine clock synchronization—a programming experiment
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
SIGCOMM '88 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols
SIGCOMM '87 Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Frontiers in computer communications technology
An experiment on clock synchronisation
The Computer Journal
Analysis of Self-Stabilizing Clock Synchronization by Means of Stochastic Petri Nets
IEEE Transactions on Computers
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Practical uses of synchronized clocks in distributed systems
PODC '91 Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Precision synchronization of computer network clocks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Improved algorithms for synchronizing computer network clocks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An algorithm to synchronize the time of a computer to universal time
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On calibrating measurements of packet transit times
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Adaptive hybrid clock discipline algorithm for the network time protocol
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Experience with an adaptive globally-synchronizing clock algorithm
Proceedings of the eleventh annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Communications of the ACM
Probabilistic Clock Synchronization in Distributed Systems
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Robust and Secure Broadcasting
INDOCRYPT '01 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Cryptology in India: Progress in Cryptology
A new fault-tolerant algorithm for clock synchronization
PODC '84 Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization
PODC '84 Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Maintaining the time in a distributed system
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
A Paradigm for Reliable Clock Synchronization
A Paradigm for Reliable Clock Synchronization
A system for authenticated policy-compliant routing
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Heterogeneous Search in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks
IEEE Distributed Systems Online
Secure and policy-compliant source routing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Mendel: efficiently verifying the lineage of data modified in multiple trust domains
Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
PAL: Propagation-aware Anomaly Localization for cloud hosted distributed applications
SLAML '11 Managing Large-scale Systems via the Analysis of System Logs and the Application of Machine Learning Techniques
A correlation method for establishing provenance of timestamps in digital evidence
Digital Investigation: The International Journal of Digital Forensics & Incident Response
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This paper traces the origins and evolution of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) over two decades of continuous operation. The technology has been continuously improved from hundreds of milliseconds in the rowdy Internet of the early 1980s to tens of nanoseconds in the Internet of the new century. It includes a blend of history lessons, technology milestones and series of experiments that shape, define and record the early history of the Internet and NTP.This narrative is decidedly personal, since the job description for an Internet timekeeper is highly individualized and invites very few applicants. There is no attempt here to present a comprehensive tutorial, only a almanac of personal observations, eclectic minutiae and fireside chat. Many souls have contributed to the technology, some of which are individually acknowledged in this paper, the rest too numerous left to write their own memoirs.