Habitat monitoring: application driver for wireless communications technology
SIGCOMM LA '01 Workshop on Data communication in Latin America and the Caribbean
System architecture directions for networked sensors
ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Building efficient wireless sensor networks with low-level naming
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Energy-efficient collision-free medium access control for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Poster abstract: wiseMAC, an ultra low power MAC protocol for the wiseNET wireless sensor network
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Nonintrusive precision instrumentation of microcontroller software
LCTES '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Avrora: scalable sensor network simulation with precise timing
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Ultra-low duty cycle MAC with scheduled channel polling
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A stream-oriented power management protocol for low duty cycle sensor network applications
EmNets '05 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors
INFOCOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE international conference on Computer Communications Workshops
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A new class of sensor network applications is mostly-off. Exemplified by Intel's FabApp, in these applications the network alternates between being off for hours or weeks, then activating to collect data for a few minutes. While configuration of traditional sensornet applications is occasional and so need not be optimized, these applications may spend half their active time in reconfiguration every time when they wake up. Therefore, new approaches are required to efficiently ''resume'' a sensor network that has been ''suspended'' for long time. This paper focuses on the key question of when the network can determine that all nodes are awake and ready to communicate. Existing approaches assume worst-case clock drift, and so must conservatively wait for minutes before starting an application. We propose two reconfiguration protocols to largely reduce the energy cost during the process. The first approach is low-power listening with flooding, where the network restarts quickly by flooding a control message as soon as the first node determines that the whole network is up. The second protocol uses local update with suppression, where nodes only notify their one-hop neighbors, avoiding the cost of flooding. Both protocols are fully distributed algorithms. Through analysis, simulation and testbed experiments, we show that both protocols are more energy efficient than current approaches. Flooding works best in sparse networks with six neighbors or less, while local update with suppression works best in dense networks (more than six neighbors).