Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Computer networks: a systems approach
Computer networks: a systems approach
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Fluid-based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
Analysis and design of an adaptive virtual queue (AVQ) algorithm for active queue management
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Fluid models and solutions for large-scale IP networks
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A fast simulation framework for IEEE 802.11-operated wireless LANs
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
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In this paper, we propose a fast simulation framework, TranSim, that expedites simulation by reducing the rate of generating packet-events. In the framework, we transform an IP network into an alternate network that generates a smaller number of packet-events, conduct simulation in the ''transformed'' network, and extrapolate simulation results for the original network from those obtained in the ''transformed'' network. We formally prove that, as long as the network invariant - the bandwidth-delay product - is preserved, the network dynamics, such as the queue dynamics and the packet dropping probability at each link, and TCP dynamics, such as the congestion window, RTTs, and rate dynamics, are also preserved in the course of network transformation. We implement TranSim in ns-2, and carry out a simulation study to evaluate it against packet-level simulation, with respect to the capability of capturing transient, packet-level network dynamics, the reduction in the execution time and memory usage, and the discrepancy in the network throughput. The simulation results indicate maximally two orders of magnitude improvement in the execution time, and the performance improvement becomes more prominent as the network size increases (in terms of the number of nodes, the number of flows, the complexity of topology, and link capacity) or as the degree of downsizing increases. The memory usage incurred in TranSim is comparable to that in packet-level simulation. The error discrepancy between TranSim and packet-level simulation, on the other hand, is between 1% and 10% in a wide variety of network topologies, inclusive of randomly generated topologies, traffic loads with different AQM strategies, different combination of operating systems and hardware systems.