Learning Patterns of Activity Using Real-Time Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Real-Time Tracking for Enhanced Tennis Broadcasts
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Monocular 3-D Tracking of the Golf Swing
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Guest Editors' Introduction: Pervasive Computing in Sports Technologies
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Robust Estimation of Background for Fixed Cameras
CIC '06 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computing
A generative approach to audio-visual person tracking
CLEAR'06 Proceedings of the 1st international evaluation conference on Classification of events, activities and relationships
A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-GaussianBayesian tracking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
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As pervasive computing technologies are gradually penetrating sport, we are witnessing a proliferating number of research systems that can track athletes during training and/or in competition. Indeed, athlete tracking is a particularly challenging research tasks, which is also a key enabler for a wide range of applications such as ambient personalized broadcasting. In this paper we survey person tracking systems for sport applications and illustrate their limitations for realistic sports environments. As a real-life example we present the robust and high-performance person tracking system developed at the Athens Information Technology, and explain its inability to deal with occlusions, interlacing, adverse and changing light conditions and mostly the strain of the athletes, which are very common in high activity athletic scenes. We also present techniques for dealing with these challenges, along with an architecture for building ambient camera selection environments for broadcasting purposes. These techniques form the basis for the person tracking and ambient camera selection systems that are developed in the scope of the my-e-Director 2012 EC project, which is working towards a realistic prototype system for the London 2012 Olympics.