An evaluation of retrieval effectiveness for a full-text document-retrieval system
Communications of the ACM
Online information retrieval: concepts, principles, and techniques
Online information retrieval: concepts, principles, and techniques
An approach to natural language for document retrieval
SIGIR '87 Proceedings of the 10th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Towards interactive query expansion
SIGIR '88 Proceedings of the 11th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
In search of knowledge-based search tactics
SIGIR '89 Proceedings of the 12th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluation of an inference network-based retrieval model
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) - Special issue on research and development in information retrieval
The effectiveness of document neighboring in search enhancement
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Information seeking in electronic environments
Information seeking in electronic environments
Information processing in the context of medical care
SIGIR '95 Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
TileBars: visualization of term distribution information in full text information access
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Assessing agreement on classification tasks: the kappa statistic
Computational Linguistics
Evaluating interactive systems in TREC
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special issue: evaluation of information retrieval systems
A case for interaction: a study of interactive information retrieval behavior and effectiveness
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Reexamining the cluster hypothesis: scatter/gather on retrieval results
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluation of a tool for visualization of information retrieval results
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Elicitations during information retrieval: implications for IR system design
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Interaction in information retrieval: selection and effectiveness of search terms
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - The sixth text REtrieval conference (TREC-6)
Do batch and user evaluations give the same results?
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Interactive Internet search: keyword, directory and query reformulation mechanisms compared
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Interactive query expansion: a user-based evaluation in a relevance feedback environment
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
An iterative design methodology for user-friendly natural language office information applications
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Regions and levels: measuring and mapping users' relevance judgments
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Optimizing search by showing results in context
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An information-theoretic approach to automatic query expansion
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The TREC interactive track: an annotated bibliography
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue on interactivity at the text retrieval conference (TREC)
Why batch and user evaluations do not give the same results
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Model-based feedback in the language modeling approach to information retrieval
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Liberal relevance criteria of TREC -: counting on negligible documents?
SIGIR '02 Proceedings of the 25th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Faceted metadata for image search and browsing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Re-examining the potential effectiveness of interactive query expansion
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Experiments with open-domain textual Question Answering
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Dependence language model for information retrieval
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Question answering passage retrieval using dependency relations
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
When will information retrieval be "good enough"?
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
The loquacious user: a document-independent source of terms for query expansion
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
A Markov random field model for term dependencies
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Categorizing web search results into meaningful and stable categories using fast-feature techniques
Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
User performance versus precision measures for simple search tasks
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Elicitation of term relevance feedback: an investigation of term source and context
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Find-similar: similarity browsing as a search tool
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Exploring the limits of single-iteration clarification dialogs
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Experiments with interactive question-answering
ACL '05 Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Answer extraction, semantic clustering, and extractive summarization for clinical question answering
ACL-44 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
HITIQA: towards analytical question answering
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Answering Clinical Questions with Knowledge-Based and Statistical Techniques
Computational Linguistics
A model for quantitative evaluation of an end-to-end question-answering system
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Structured retrieval for question answering
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Open-domain question: answering
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
How do users find things with PubMed?: towards automatic utility evaluation with user simulations
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Navigating information spaces: A case study of related article search in PubMed
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
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This work explores the hypothesis that interactions between a trained human search intermediary and an information seeker can inform the design of interactive IR systems. We discuss results from a controlled Wizard-of-Oz case study, set in the context of the TREC 2005 HARD track evaluation, in which a trained intermediary executed an integrated search and interaction strategy based on conceptual facet analysis and informed by need negotiation techniques common in reference interviews. Having a human “in the loop” yielded large improvements over fully automated systems as measured by standard ranked-retrieval metrics, demonstrating the value of mediated search. We present a detailed analysis of the intermediary's actions to gain a deeper understanding of what worked and why. One contribution is a taxonomy of clarification types informed both by empirical results and existing theories in library and information science. We discuss how these findings can guide the development of future systems. Overall, this work illustrates how studying human information-seeking processes can lead to better information retrieval applications.