Reasoning about knowledge
Deontic logic in computer science: normative system specification
Deontic logic in computer science: normative system specification
Principles of Database Systems
Principles of Database Systems
Contrary-to-duty reasoning with preference-based dyadic obligations
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence
Reasoning about Information Change
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
Decentralized Trust Management
SP '96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
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Åqvist's paradox of epistemic obligation can be solved, if we use knowledge-wh instead of knowledge-that in specifications of the `need to know': the knowledge which an agent in a certain organisational role is required to have. Knowledge-wh is knowledge of an answer to a question, which depends on the context. We show how knowledge-wh can be formalised in a logic of questions, which is combined with standard deontic logic to represent epistemic obligations. We demonstrate that under the new interpretation, the paradox can no longer be derived. The resulting logic is useful for representation of access control policies.