On Cryptographically Significant Mappings over GF(2n)

  • Authors:
  • Enes Pasalic

  • Affiliations:
  • IMFM Ljubljana & University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia

  • Venue:
  • WAIFI '08 Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Arithmetic of Finite Fields
  • Year:
  • 2008

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Abstract

In this paper we investigate the algebraic properties of important cryptographic primitives called substitution boxes (S-boxes). An S-box is a mapping that takes nbinary inputs whose image is a binary m-tuple; therefore it is represented as $F:\text{GF}(2)^n \rightarrow \text{GF}(2)^m$. One of the most important cryptographic applications is the case n= m, thus the S-box may be viewed as a function over $\text{GF}(2^n)$. We show that certain classes of functions over $\text{GF}(2^n)$ do not possess a cryptographic property known as APN (Almost Perfect Nonlinear) permutations. On the other hand, when nis odd, an infinite class of APN permutations may be derived in a recursive manner, that is starting with a specific APN permutation on $\text{GF}(2^k)$, kodd, APN permutations are derived over $\text{GF}(2^{k+2i})$ for any i茂戮驴 1. Some theoretical results related to permutation polynomials and algebraic properties of the functions in the ring $\text{GF}(q)[x,y]$ are also presented. For sparse polynomials over the field $\text{GF}(2^n)$, an efficient algorithm for finding low degree I/O equations is proposed.