Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Technical Note: \cal Q-Learning
Machine Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning: a survey
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Reinforcement learning scheme for grouping and anti-predator behavior
KES'07/WIRN'07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference, KES 2007 and XVII Italian workshop on neural networks conference on Knowledge-based intelligent information and engineering systems: Part III
Reinforcement learning scheme for grouping and characterization of multi-agent network
KES'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems: Part III
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Several models have been proposed for describing grouping behavior such as bird flocking, terrestrial animal herding, and fish schooling. In these models, a fixed rule has been imposed on each individual a priori for its interactions in a reductive and rigid manner. We have proposed a new framework for self-organized grouping of agents by reinforcement learning. It is important to introduce a learning scheme for developing collective behavior in artificial autonomous distributed systems. This scheme can be expanded to cases in which predators are present. In this study we integrate grouping and anti-predator behaviors into our proposed scheme. The behavior of agents is demonstrated and evaluated in detail through computer simulations, and their grouping and anti-predator behaviors developed as a result of learning are shown to be diverse and robust by changing some parameters of the scheme.