A Five-Round Algebraic Property of the Advanced Encryption Standard

Authors:
Jianyong Huang;Jennifer Seberry;Willy Susilo
Affiliations:
Centre for Computer and Information Security Research (CCISR) School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia;Centre for Computer and Information Security Research (CCISR) School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia;Centre for Computer and Information Security Research (CCISR) School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
Venue:
ISC '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Information Security
Year:
2008

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Abstract

This paper presents a five-round algebraic property of theAdvanced Encryption Standard (AES). In the proposed property, wemodify twenty bytes from five intermediate values at some fixedlocations in five consecutive rounds, and we show that after fiverounds of operations, such modifications do not change theintermediate result and finally still produce the same ciphertext.We introduce an algorithm named Δ, and the algorithmaccepts a plaintext and a key as two inputs and outputs twentybytes, which are used in the five-round property. We demonstratethat the Δalgorithm has 20 variants for AES-128, 28variants for AES-192 and 36 variants for AES-256. By employing theΔalgorithm, we define a modified version of the AESalgorithm, the ΔAES. The ΔAES callsthe Δalgorithm to generate twenty bytes, and usesthese twenty bytes to modify the AES round keys. TheΔAES employs the same key scheduling algorithm,constants and round function as the AES. For a plaintext and a key,the AES and the ΔAES produce the sameciphertext.