Robust synchronization of software clocks across the internet
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Non-functional information transmission patterns for distributed real-time Java
Software—Practice & Experience
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In order to assess the performance of QoS provisioning for realtime multimedia services that require end-to-end delay within 100 ms and jitter within 50 ms, the server and client are required to be synchronized with near sub-millisecond clock offset for high-precision QoS-performance measurements. In this paper we propose an enhanced SNTP (ESNTP) that provides sub-millisecond clock synchronization based on the selection of minimum round-trip delay and high-resolution local clock reading with clock drift compensation. Throughout the experiments of varying traffic congestion in public Internet environment, the proposed clock synchronization scheme maintained within 0.5 ms offset between NTP servers and the ESNTP client, where the SNTPv4 maintained 3.7 ms average clock offset in the same environment. The proposed clock synchronization scheme provides higher precision with smaller clock offset error compared to the NTPv4 that is reported to provide clock offset of 10 ms in public Internet.