On calibrating measurements of packet transit times
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Experience with an adaptive globally-synchronizing clock algorithm
Proceedings of the eleventh annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
Precision timestamping of network packets
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
PC based precision timing without GPS
SIGMETRICS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Remote Physical Device Fingerprinting
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
One-way delay estimation using network-wide measurements
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) - Special issue on networking and information theory
A measurement-friendly network (MFN) architecture
Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Internet network management
FAST TCP: motivation, architecture, algorithms, performance
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
ACES: adaptive clock estimation and synchronization using Kalman filtering
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
An Enhanced SNTP (ESNTP) Clock Synchronization for High-Precision Network QoS Measurements
IPOM '08 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE international workshop on IP Operations and Management
Opportunities and Limits of Remote Timing Attacks
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Transparent checkpoints of closed distributed systems in Emulab
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
Robust synchronization of absolute and difference clocks over networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the time synchronization of distributed log files in networks with local broadcast media
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An Experimental Framework for the Analysis and Validation of Software Clocks
SEUS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 10.2 International Workshop on Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems
A method to estimate the timestamp accuracy of measurement hardware and software tools
PAM'07 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Passive and active network measurement
Influence of the packet size on the one-way delay on the down-link in 3G networks
ISWPC'10 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE international conference on Wireless pervasive computing
Motivating future interconnects: a differential measurement analysis of PCI latency
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Influence of the packet size on the one-way delay in 3G networks
PAM'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Passive and active measurement
Network performance engineering
Identifying and verifying clock synchronization protocol parameters
Proceedings of the workshop on Internet of Things and Service Platforms
AdaSynch: A General Adaptive Clock Synchronization Scheme Based on Kalman Filter for WSNs
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Opportunistic flow-level latency estimation using consistent netflow
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The case for feed-forward clock synchronization
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Tracking low-precision clocks with time-varying drifts using kalman filtering
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Resilient estimation of synchronisation uncertainty through software clocks
International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems
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Accurate, reliable timestamping which is also convenient and inexpensive is needed in many important areas including real-time network applications and network measurement. Recently the TSC register, which counts CPU cycles in popular PC architectures, was proposed as the basis of a new software clock which in terms of rate performance performs as well as more expensive GPS alternatives. Smooth and precise clock rate is essential to measure time differences accurately. We show how to define a TSC based clock which is also accurate with respect to absolute time. The clock is calibrated by processing, in a novel way, timestamps contained in the usual flow of Network Time Protocol (NTP) packets between a NTP server and the existing software clock, and TSC timestamps made independently on the host side. Using real measurements over 4 months, validated with a GPS synchronized hardware timing solution, the algorithm measured absolute time with a median error of only 30 microseconds when using a nearby stratum-1 NTP server. Results for two other servers are given. We also provide new algorithms for the robust determination of clock rate. We exploit the reliability of the available hardware to design synchronization algorithms which are inherently robust to many factors including packet loss, server outages, route changes, temperature environment, and network congestion.