Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Wide-area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Measurements and analysis of end-to-end Internet dynamics
Measurements and analysis of end-to-end Internet dynamics
Trajectory sampling for direct traffic observation
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Charging from sampled network usage
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
New directions in traffic measurement and accounting: Focusing on the elephants, ignoring the mice
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Simple network performance tomography
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Bridging router performance and queuing theory
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
An algebraic approach to practical and scalable overlay network monitoring
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Self-configuring network traffic generation
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Robust synchronization of software clocks across the internet
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Improving accuracy in end-to-end packet loss measurement
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Towards unbiased end-to-end network diagnosis
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A measurement-friendly network (MFN) architecture
Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Internet network management
The power of slicing in internet flow measurement
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
ProgME: towards programmable network measurement
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Accurate and efficient SLA compliance monitoring
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Fast monitoring of traffic subpopulations
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Packet doppler: network monitoring using packet shift detection
CoNEXT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference
Every microsecond counts: tracking fine-grain latencies with a lossy difference aggregator
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
Measurement and analysis of single-hop delay on an IP backbone network
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Review: A survey of network flow applications
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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The inherent measurement support in routers (SNMP counters or NetFlow) is not sufficient to diagnose performance problems in IP networks, especially for flow-specific problems where the aggregate behavior within a router appears normal. Tomographic approaches to detect the location of such problems are not feasible in such cases as active probes can only catch aggregate characteristics. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a Consistent NetFlow (CNF) architecture for measuring per-flow delay measurements within routers. CNF utilizes the existing NetFlow architecture that already reports the first and last timestamps per flow, and it proposes hash-based sampling to ensure that two adjacent routers record the same flows. We devise a novel Multiflow estimator that approximates the intermediate delay samples from other background flows to significantly improve the per-flow latency estimates compared to the naive estimator that only uses actual flow samples. In our experiments using real backbone traces and realistic delay models, we show that the Multiflow estimator is accurate with a median relative error of less than 20% for flows of size greater than 100 packets. We also show that Multiflow estimator performs two to three times better than a prior approach based on trajectory sampling at an equivalent packet sampling rate.