PC based precision timing without GPS
SIGMETRICS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
ACPI Implementation on FreeBSD
Proceedings of the FREENIX Track: 2002 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Robust synchronization of software clocks across the internet
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Measurement, Control, and Communication Using IEEE 1588 (Advances in Industrial Control)
Measurement, Control, and Communication Using IEEE 1588 (Advances in Industrial Control)
Computer Network Time Synchronization: The Network Time Protocol
Computer Network Time Synchronization: The Network Time Protocol
Robust synchronization of absolute and difference clocks over networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Principles of robust timing over the internet
Communications of the ACM
Virtualize everything but time
OSDI'10 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
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Variable latencies due to communication delays or system noise is the central challenge faced by timekeeping algorithms when synchronizing over the network. Using extensive experiments, we explore the robustness of synchronization in the face of both normal and extreme latency variability and compare the feedback approaches of ntpd and ptpd (a software implementation of IEEE-1588) to the feed-forward approach of the RADclock and advocate for the benefits of a feed-forward approach. Noting the current lack of kernel support, we present extensions to existing mechanisms in the Linux and FreeBSD kernels giving full access to all available raw counters, and then evaluate the TSC, HPET, and ACPI counters' suitability as hardware timing sources. We demonstrate how the RADclock achieves the same microsecond accuracy with each counter.