Xen and the art of virtualization
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Diagnosing performance overheads in the xen virtual machine environment
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/USENIX international conference on Virtual execution environments
Computer Network Time Synchronization: The Network Time Protocol
Computer Network Time Synchronization: The Network Time Protocol
Fast transparent migration for virtual machines
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Live migration of virtual machines
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Robust synchronization of absolute and difference clocks over networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Principles of robust timing over the internet
Communications of the ACM
The case for feed-forward clock synchronization
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Virtualization Technologies in Distributed Computing Date
Controlling the speed of virtual time for malware deactivation
Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems
Controlling the speed of virtual time for malware deactivation
APSys'12 Proceedings of the Third ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific conference on Systems
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We propose a new timekeeping architecture for virtualized systems, in the context of Xen. Built upon a feedforward based RADclock synchronization algorithm, it ensures that the clocks in each OS sharing the hardware derive from a single central clock in a resource effective way, and that this clock is both accurate and robust. A key advantage is simple, seamless VM migration with consistent time. In contrast, the current Xen approach for timekeeping behaves very poorly under live migration, posing a major problem for applications such as financial transactions, gaming, and network measurement, which are critically dependent on reliable timekeeping. We also provide a detailed examination of the HPET and Xen Clocksource counters. Results are validated using a hardware-supported testbed.