Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Contiki - A Lightweight and Flexible Operating System for Tiny Networked Sensors
LCN '04 Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
An Analysis of Strategies for Mitigating the Sensor Network Hot Spot Problem
MOBIQUITOUS '05 Proceedings of the The Second Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
ECRTS '07 Proceedings of the 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Software-based on-line energy estimation for sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Embedded networked sensors
Analysis of audio streaming capability of Zigbee networks
EWSN'08 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Wireless sensor networks
Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet
Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet
Queue-exchange mechanism to improve the QoS in a multi-stack architecture
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Symposium on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks
Design exploration of energy-performance trade-offs for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
PSAR: power-source-aware routing in ZigBee networks
Wireless Networks
Greening wireless communications: Status and future directions
Computer Communications
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The ZigBee standard builds on the assumption that infrastructure nodes have a constant power supply. ZigBee therefore does not provide any power-saving mechanisms for routing nodes, which limits the lifetime of battery-powered ZigBee networks to a few days. This short lifetime drastically restricts the possible application scenarios for ZigBee. To expand the usefulness of ZigBee, we present a ZigBee implementation where we replace the default ZigBee MAC protocol with the power-saving MAC protocol X-MAC. Our results show that X-MAC reduces the power consumption for ZigBee routing nodes with up to 90%, leading to a ten-fold increase in network lifetime at the price of a slight increase in network latency. Furthermore, we are the first to experimentally quantify the energy-efficiency of X-MAC in a multihop scenario. Our results indicate that X-MAC reduces the power consumption of idle nodes that are within communication range of two communicating nodes, suggesting that X-MAC may be able to mitigate the hot-spot problem in sensor networks.