Wireless Sensor Networks: To Cluster or Not To Cluster?
WOWMOM '06 Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Query Processing in Sensor Networks
ICDEW '05 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops
Design and Optimization of Wireless Sensor Network with Mobile Gateway
AINAW '07 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02
Mobile Element Scheduling with Dynamic Deadlines
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
General Network Lifetime and Cost Models for Evaluating Sensor Network Deployment Strategies
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Efficient data propagation strategies in wireless sensor networks using a single mobile sink
Computer Communications
Experiments on Building Ubiquitous Robotic Space for Mobile Robot Using Wireless Sensor Networks
AINAW '08 Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops
Increasing ZigBee network lifetime with X-MAC
Proceedings of the workshop on Real-world wireless sensor networks
CareNet: an integrated wireless sensor networking environment for remote healthcare
BodyNets '08 Proceedings of the ICST 3rd international conference on Body area networks
Sink mobility in wireless sensor networks: a (mis)match between theory and practice
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing: Connecting the World Wirelessly
Design and Implementation of a Prototype Smart PARKing (SPARK) System Using Wireless Sensor Networks
WAINA '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops
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Most of the existing works on the topic of sink mobility in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are of purely theoretical nature. The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges as well as potential benefits associated with the use of mobile sinks in WSNs that operate in space-constrained environments and employ real-world technology. Specifically, we examine the pros and cons of deploying path-constrained sink mobility in the framework of IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee enabled sensor networks. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: First, we demonstrate that the advantages of deploying path-constrained sink mobility, as identified in one of our earlier works [4], are not fully applicable to ZigBee WSNs. Specifically, our OPNET-based simulation study shows that in ZigBee WSNs the findings from [4] hold only conceptually, at the highest level of user-data routing. However, once all of the mobility-related overhead is accounted for, no actual benefit of deploying a mobile-over deploying a static-sink can be observed. Subsequently, we propose the use of three mechanisms for control of mobility-related overhead in ZigBee WSNs: Suppressed Route Discover, Node Association Based on Residual Energy, and Footprint Chaining. The most complex of the three mechanisms (Footprint Chaining) is studied in detail, and conditions under which this technique achieves optimal performance are precisely identified. The presented simulation results prove that with the three proposed mechanisms in place the benefits of mobile-over static-sink deployment can be regained, almost to the same extent as theoretically identified in [4]. To our knowledge, this paper is one of the first attempts to bring the topics of path-constrained sink mobility and ZigBee standard together. It is also the first published work to propose improvements to the current ZigBee standard specifically targeted for WSNs that involve the use of mobile sinks.