A review and investigation of aiming and tracking performance with head-mounted sights
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - Special issue on artificial intelligence
Improving static and dynamic registration in an optical see-through HMD
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Calibration games: making calibration tasks enjoyable by adding motivating game elements
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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The postural sway in 24 subjects performing a boresight calibration task on a large format head-up display is studied to estimate the impact of human limits on boresight calibration precision and ultimately on static registration errors. The dependent variables, accumulated sway path and omni-directional standard deviation, are analyzed for the calibration exercise and compared against control cases where subjects are quietly standing with eyes open and eyes closed. Findings show that postural stability significantly deteriorates during boresight calibration compared to when the subject is not occupied with a visual task. Analysis over time shows that the calibration error can be reduced by 39% if calibration measurements are recorded in a three second interval at approximately 15 seconds into the calibration session as opposed to an initial reading. Furthermore parameter optimization on experiment data suggests a Weibull distribution as a possible error description and estimation for omni-directional calibration precision. This paper extends previously published preliminary analyses and the conclusions are verified with experiment data that has been corrected for subject inverted pendulum compensatory head rotation by providing a better estimate of the position of the eye. With correction the statistical findings are reinforced.