Networks, netwar, and information-age terrorism
Strategic appraisal
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime and Militancy
Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime and Militancy
Linked
The Next War Zone: Confronting the Global Threat of Cyberterrorism
The Next War Zone: Confronting the Global Threat of Cyberterrorism
Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means
Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means
Lessons from LambdaMOO: A Social, Text-Based Virtual Environment
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Cyberterrorism: Postmodern State of Chaos
Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective
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This article exemplifies the very notion that cyberterrorist networks are postmodern types of networks, where no leadership is needed, no center exists, and where communication is ultra-flexible and quasi-limitless. As opposed to conventional terrorist organizations, with their hierarchical structures that are vertically designed, cyberterrorist organizations are actually not organizations. They do not exhibit an intrinsically "group" or "design" nature. Rather, they are volatile and unexpected, a very postmodern attribute. The postmodern concept of hyperreal is described in this analysis. "Hyperreal" suggests a "reality" that supersedes the world. As such, cyberspace is the new public sphere and it is postmodern; it treasures the concept of the "public" while disengaging it from any particular time or place. As a result, the postmodern map of cyberspace becomes the totality itself, superseding the world. Hyperreal also implies that cyberspace enables the "self" to become fluid, a flow of identity that converges under the sign of the virtual environment. As such, this article purports itself to define postmodernism and to discuss its application to cyberspace with respect to (1) Baudrillard's hyperreal/real continuum, (2) the fragmentation, fluidity, and decentralization of the self, (3) postmodernism and cyberterrorism, (4) the organizational challenges faced by cybersecurity and law enforcement agents, and (5) the absence of leadership in cyberterrorist networks.