Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Sympathy for the sensor network debugger
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
SpeckMAC: low-power decentralised MAC protocols for low data rate transmissions in specknets
REALMAN '06 Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Multi-hop ad hoc networks: from theory to reality
Dwarf: delay-aware robust forwarding for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks
DCOSS'07 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Distributed computing in sensor systems
MoMi: model-based diagnosis middleware for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Middleware Tools, Services and Run-Time Support for Sensor Networks
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Safety-critical wireless sensor networks, such as a distributed fire- or burglar-alarm system, require that all sensor nodes are up and functional. If an event is triggered on a node, this information must be forwarded immediately to the sink, without setting up a route on demand or having to find an alternate route in case of a node or link failure. Therefore, failures of nodes must be known at all times and in case of a detected failure, an immediate notification must be sent to the network operator. There is usually a bounded time limit, e.g., five minutes, for the system to report network or node failure. This paper presents DiMo, a distributed and scalable solution for monitoring the nodes and the topology, along with a redundant topology for increased robustness. Compared to existing solutions, which traditionally assume a continuous data-flow from all nodes in the network, DiMo observes the nodes and the topology locally. DiMo only reports to the sink if a node is potentially failed, which greatly reduces the message overhead and energy consumption. DiMo timely reports failed nodes and % greatly minimizes the false-positive rate and energy consumption compared with other prominent solutions for node monitoring.