Affective computing
Designing Sociable Robots
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Statistical synthesis of facial expressions for the portrayal of emotion
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Combined Use of Partial Least Squares Regression and Neural Network for Diagnosis Tasks
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 4 - Volume 04
Psychophysical evaluation of animated facial expressions
APGV '05 Proceedings of the 2nd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Parameterized Models for Facial Animation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
AAAI'05 Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 4
Multimodal coordination of facial action, head rotation, and eye motion during spontaneous smiles
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Editorial: Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems - Mobile Robotics in the UK
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
It's not all written on the robot's face
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
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As autonomous robotic systems advance, they will be required and designed for interaction with humans in order to exchange information, which is essential for fulfilling their tasks. It is well established that human-machine interactions are more believable and memorable when a physical entity is present, provided that the machine behaves in a realistic manner. It is desirable to adopt face-to-face communication, because it is the most natural and efficient way of exchanging information, and does not require users to alter their habits. In this context, this paper describes a process for animating a robot head, based on video input of a human head. We map from the 2D coordinates of feature points into the robot's servo space, using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Learning is done using a small set of keyframes manually created by an animator. The method is efficient, robust to tracking errors and independent of the scale of the face being tracked.