PAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Pulsed battery discharge in communication devices
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Ordered packet scheduling in wireless ad hoc networks: mechanisms and performance analysis
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Battery-aware power management based on Markovian decision processes
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Battery Life Estimation of Mobile Embedded Systems
VLSID '01 Proceedings of the The 14th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID '01)
Battery-Driven System Design: A New Frontier in Low Power Design
ASP-DAC '02 Proceedings of the 2002 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols
On using battery state for medium access control in ad hoc wireless networks
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Maximum battery life routing to support ubiquitous mobile computing in wireless ad hoc networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
Improving battery performance by using traffic shaping techniques
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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One of the challenging issues in Ad hoc wireless networks is to identify methods that increase their lifetime. Since, the advancements in the battery technologies are negligible compared to those that take place in the field of mobile computing, the demand for discovering alternate methods to improve the battery lifetime has considerably increased. Energy efficient protocols face the trade-off between throughput improvement and energy saving. We, in this paper, arrive at a unique benchmark parameter called Nominal Capacity per Packet Transmission (NCPT) for evaluating the energy efficiency of a protocol. Major contributions of this paper are: (a) a detailed description of the novel distributed homogeneous Battery Aware MAC (BAMAC(k)) and Heterogeneous Battery Aware MAC (HBAMAC) protocols, which take benefit of the chemical properties of the batteries and their characteristics, to provide fair node scheduling and increased network and node lifetime through uniform discharge of the batteries, (b) a discrete-time Markov chain analysis for batteries of the nodes, and (c) a thorough comparative study of our protocols with IEEE 802.11 and DWOP (Distributed Wireless Ordering Protocol) MAC protocols. We found that our protocols outperform IEEE 802.11 and DWOP MAC protocols, in terms of power consumption, fairness, and lifetime of the nodes. Extensive simulations have shown that our protocol extends the battery lifetime consuming 96% and 60% lesser percentage of NCPT compared to the IEEE 802.11 and the DWOP MAC protocols, respectively.