Proc. of the NYU symposium on user interfaces on Human factors and interactive computer systems
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Inferring domain plans in question-answering
Inferring domain plans in question-answering
A cognitive model of database querying: a tool for novice instruction
CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing an intelligent information system interface
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Intelligent Decision Support on Intelligent decision support in process environments
Readings in natural language processing
The representation and use of focus in a system for understanding dialogs
Readings in natural language processing
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Improving the human factors aspect of database interactions
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Human Factors Studies of Database Query Languages: A Survey and Assessment
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
An English language question answering system for a large relational database
Communications of the ACM
Information retrieval using a transportable natural language interface
SIGIR '83 Proceedings of the 6th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Understanding Natural Language
Understanding Natural Language
Computational Models of Discourse
Computational Models of Discourse
Usable natural language interfaces through menu-based natural language understanding
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An overview of nonprocedural languages
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Very high level languages
The representation and use of focus in dialogue understanding.
The representation and use of focus in dialogue understanding.
Communication and miscommunication (language, artificial intelligence, natural understanding)
Communication and miscommunication (language, artificial intelligence, natural understanding)
The structure of user-adviser dialogues: is there method in their madness?
ACL '86 Proceedings of the 24th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Software psychology: Human factors in computer and information systems (Winthrop computer systems series)
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For the foreseeable future, natural language access to databases and other information systems will require the exchange of written messages between the system and user. Such written/interactive dialogue is unique, having the qualities of both written text and spoken discourse yet, also, differing significantly from both. In the present study, we used "Wizard of Oz" techniques to elicit written/interactive dialogue for information retrieval purposes. Our objectives in doing this were (a) to assess the general nature and prevalence of linguistic and dialogue phenomena within the written/interactive register and (b) to determine the impact of user interface shortcuts, such as precanned messages and patterned output, on both the complexity of written/interactive dialogue and general measures of user satisfaction. Our findings indicate that written/interactive dialogue for information retrieval would be very feasible. In spite of slow system response times, subjective reactions from the users were positive, the size of the lexicon used in the dialogues was small, the dialogues decomposed readily into hierarchical structures, and the number and distribution of anaphors were also rather reasonable. Two independent variables were also manipulated: (a) the degree of prefamiliarization given to participants about the base of travel information they would be accessing (i.e., the primer variable) and (b) the degree of constraint on the Wizard's ability to formulate natural language responses to the user (i.e., the natural language output variable). Failure to provide either a primer or a realistic, human natural language output made the dialogues more complex in a number of different ways.