Developing user interfaces: ensuring usability through product & process
Developing user interfaces: ensuring usability through product & process
Usability inspection methods
Implementing a zooming user interface: experience building Pad++
Software—Practice & Experience
Trouble with Computers: Usefulness, Usability, and Productivity
Trouble with Computers: Usefulness, Usability, and Productivity
The Architecture of Cognition
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Electronic voting system usability issues
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Cost-Justifying Usability: An Update for the Internet Age
Cost-Justifying Usability: An Update for the Internet Age
Introduction to this special issue on exploratory sequential data analysis
Human-Computer Interaction
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The arrival of electronic voting has generated considerable controversy, mostly about its vulnerability to fraud. By comparison, virtually no attention has been given to its usability, i.e., voters' ability to vote as they intend, which was central to the controversy surrounding the 2000 US presidential election. Yet it is hard to imagine a domain of human-computer interaction where usability has more impact on how democracy works. This article reports a laboratory investigation of the usability of six electronic voting systems chosen to represent the features of systems in current use and potentially in future use. The primary question was whether e-voting systems are sufficiently hard to use that voting accuracy and satisfaction are compromised. We observed that voters often seemed quite lost taking far more than the required number of actions to cast individual votes, especially when they ultimately voted inaccurately. Their satisfaction went down as their effort went up. And accuracy with some systems was disturbingly low. While many of these problems are easy to fix, manufacturers will need to adopt usability engineering practices that have vastly improved user interfaces throughout the software industry.