Communications of the ACM
The quest for security in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
An End-to-End Systems Approach to Elliptic Curve Cryptography
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Random Key Predistribution Schemes for Sensor Networks
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
LEAP: efficient security mechanisms for large-scale distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
SIA: secure information aggregation in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Combinatorial Optimization of Group Key Management
Journal of Network and Systems Management
TinyPK: securing sensor networks with public key technology
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks
HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Energy Analysis of Public-Key Cryptography for Wireless Sensor Networks
PERCOM '05 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
On the Distribution and Revocation of Cryptographic Keys in Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Location-Aware Combinatorial Key Management Scheme for Clustered Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
How public key cryptography influences wireless sensor node lifetime
Proceedings of the fourth ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks
Efficient Hybrid Security Mechanisms for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Combinatorial design of key distribution mechanisms for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
NPC '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops
Energy-Efficient Group Key Management Protocols for Hierarchical Sensor Networks
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks - Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous and Trustworthy Computing
A Two-Layer Key Establishment Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Deterministic key predistribution schemes for distributed sensor networks
SAC'04 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Dynamic key management in sensor networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
A secure key management framework for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
CMS'11 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 6/TC 11 international conference on Communications and multimedia security
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Pervasive computing environments find their practical manifestations through wireless sensor networks, which sense a relationship amongst themselves and the environment. Currently the proposed keying schemes for ensuring security, in wireless sensor networks, may be classified into public and private keying schemes, or their hybrid. However, an investigation in peer work underpins the fact that neither of these works relates the key management schemes with the granularity of key generation, distribution, renewal, and revocation. In this paper, we propose a unified security framework with three key management schemes, SACK, SACK-P, and SACK-H that incorporate symmetric key cryptography, asymmetric key cryptography and the hybrid, respectively. We have evaluated the key management schemes against a broad range of metrics such as energy, resource utilization, scalability and resilience to node compromises. Our evaluation comprises both analytical investigation and experimental validation. The results show that though SACK-P is heavy on resources, it provides maximal security and offers the best resilience to node compromises. On the contrary, SACK is very efficient in terms of storage and communication. Our results substantiate a relationship between the level of security and resource utilization and form a design benchmark for security frameworks.