Security on the move: indirect authentication using Kerberos
MobiCom '96 Proceedings of the 2nd annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers
Communications of the ACM
The quest for security in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Ariadne: a secure on-demand routing protocol for ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Self-organized network-layer security in mobile ad hoc networks
WiSE '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Wireless security
SPINS: security protocols for sensor networks
Wireless Networks
A key-management scheme for distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
A Secure Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks
ICNP '02 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Perfectly-Secure Key Distribution for Dynamic Conferences
CRYPTO '92 Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Random Key Predistribution Schemes for Sensor Networks
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
BISS: building secure routing out of an incomplete set of security associations
WiSe '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Wireless security
A pairwise key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
LEAP: efficient security mechanisms for large-scale distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Establishing Pairwise Keys for Secure Communication in Ad Hoc Networks: A Probabilistic Approach
ICNP '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Location-based pairwise key establishments for static sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks
A Minimum Cost Heterogeneous Sensor Network with a Lifetime Constraint
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
LIGER: implementing efficient hybrid security mechanisms for heterogeneous sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
IEEE Communications Magazine
Collision-minimizing CSMA and its applications to wireless sensor networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Scalable and efficient key management for heterogeneous sensor networks
The Journal of Supercomputing
A unified security framework with three key management schemes for wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Preserving source-location privacy in wireless sensor networks
SECON'09 Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE communications society conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
Tree-based key predistribution for wireless sensor networks
Wireless Networks
Tame pool-based pairwise key predistribution for large-scale sensor networks
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Security-aware multimedia scheduling over heterogeneous wireless networks
Proceedings of the 6th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference
Routing-based source-location privacy in wireless sensor networks
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
A new key management scheme in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
ICACT'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Advanced communication technology
Key infection, secrecy transfer, and key evolution for sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Scheduling security-critical multimedia applications in heterogeneous networks
Computer Communications
Secure clustering and symmetric key establishment in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on security and resilience for smart devices and applications
Centralized Key Management Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Cluster-based AAA architecture for wireless sensor and WiMax networks
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Data security in unattended wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks
Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing
Resource-efficient authentic key establishment in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
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Many applications that make use of sensor networks require secure communication. Because asymmetric-key solutions are difficult to implement in such a resource-constrained environment, symmetric-key methods coupled with a priori key distribution schemes have been proposed to achieve the goals of data secrecy and integrity. These approaches typically assume that all nodes are similar in terms of capabilities and, hence, deploy the same number of keys in all sensors in a network to provide the aforementioned protections. In this paper, we demonstrate that a probabilistic unbalanced distribution of keys throughout the network that leverages the existence of a small percentage of more capable sensor nodes can not only provide an equal level of security, but also reduce the consequences of node compromise. To fully characterize the effects of the unbalanced key management system, we design, implement, and measure the performance of a complementary suite of key establishment protocols known as LIGER. Using their predeployed keys, nodes operating in isolation from external networks can securely and efficiently establish keys with each other. Should resources such as a backhaul link to a key distribution center (KDC) become available, networks implementing LIGER automatically incorporate and benefit from such facilities. Detailed experiments demonstrate that the unbalanced distribution in combination with the multimodal LIGER suite offers a robust and practical solution to the security needs in sensor networks.