On tree width, bramble size, and expansion

  • Authors:
  • Martin Grohe;Dániel Marx

  • Affiliations:
  • Institut für Informatik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;Department of Computer Science and Information Theory, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

A bramble in a graph G is a family of connected subgraphs of G such that any two of these subgraphs have a nonempty intersection or are joined by an edge. The order of a bramble is the least number of vertices required to cover every subgraph in the bramble. Seymour and Thomas [P.D. Seymour, R. Thomas, Graph searching and a min-max theorem for tree-width, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 58 (1993) 22-33] proved that the maximum order of a bramble in a graph is precisely the tree width of the graph plus one. We prove that every graph of tree width at least k has a bramble of order @W(k^1^/^2/log^2k) and size polynomial in n and k, and that for every k there is a graph G of tree width @W(k) such that every bramble of G of order k^1^/^2^+^@e has size exponential in n. To prove the lower bound, we establish a close connection between linear tree width and vertex expansion. For the upper bound, we use the connections between tree width, separators, and concurrent flows.