Coordinated behavior between visually coupled dyads
Proceedings of the 2nd Augmented Human International Conference
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Assessment of environmental effects on collaborative haptic guidance
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Three alternatives to measure the human-likeness of a handshake model in a turing-like test
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The role of roles: Physical cooperation between humans and robots
International Journal of Robotics Research
Slaves no longer: review on role assignment for human-robot joint motor action
Adaptive Behavior - Animals, Animats, Software Agents, Robots, Adaptive Systems
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Human partners working on a target acquisition task perform faster than do individuals on the same task, even though the partners consider each other to be an impediment. We recorded the force profile of each partner during the task, revealing an emergent specialization of roles that could only have been negotiated through a haptic channel. With this understanding of human haptic communication we attempted a "Haptic Turing Test," replicating human behaviors in a robot partner. Human participants consciously and incorrectly believed their partner was human. However, force profiles did not show specialization of roles in the human partner, nor enhanced dyadic performance, suggesting that haptic interaction holds a greater subconscious subtlety. We further report observations of a non-zero dyadic steady state force perhaps analogous to co-contraction within the limb of an individual, where it contributes to limb stiffness and disturbance rejection. We present results on disturbance rejection in a dyad, showing lack of an effective dyadic strategy for brief events.