Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Multiresolution Gray-Scale and Rotation Invariant Texture Classification with Local Binary Patterns
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
A Probabilistic Framework for Rigid and Non-Rigid Appearance Based Tracking and Recognition
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Manifold Based Analysis of Facial Expression
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 5 - Volume 05
Evaluation of Face Resolution for Expression Analysis
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 5 - Volume 05
Efficient Visual Event Detection Using Volumetric Features
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Dynamic Texture Recognition Using Local Binary Patterns with an Application to Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A survey of affect recognition methods: audio, visual and spontaneous expressions
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
From facial expression to level of interest: a spatio-temporal approach
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Facial expression analysis using nonlinear decomposable generative models
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
Facial action recognition for facial expression analysis from static face images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Dynamic soft encoded patterns for facial event analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Image and Vision Computing
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Each facial event will give rise to complex facial appearance variation. In this paper, we propose similarity features to describe the facial appearance for video-based facial event analysis. Inspired by the kernel features, for each sample, we compare it with the reference set with a similarity function, and we take the log-weighted summarization of the similarities as its similarity feature. Due to the distinctness of the apex images of facial events, we use their cluster-centers as the references. In order to capture the temporal dynamics, we use the K-means algorithm to divide the similarity features into several clusters in temporal domain, and each cluster is modeled by a Gaussian distribution. Based on the Gaussian models, we further map the similarity features into dynamic binary patterns to handle the issue of time resolution, which embed the time-warping operation implicitly. The haar-like descriptor is used to extract the visual features of facial appearance, and Adaboost is performed to learn the final classifiers. Extensive experiments carried on the Cohn-Kanade database show the promising performance of the proposed method.