Affective computing
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
How to find trouble in communication
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech and emotion
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Latent semantic analysis of facial action codes for automatic facial expression recognition
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Analysis of emotion recognition using facial expressions, speech and multimodal information
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Real-Time Inference of Complex Mental States from Facial Expressions and Head Gestures
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 10 - Volume 10
Handbook Of Pattern Recognition And Computer Vision
Handbook Of Pattern Recognition And Computer Vision
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expression: Machine Learning and Application to Spontaneous Behavior
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Audio-Visual Affect Recognition through Multi-Stream Fused HMM for HCI
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Affective multimodal human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
A 3D Facial Expression Database For Facial Behavior Research
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Fully Automatic Facial Action Recognition in Spontaneous Behavior
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
2005 Special Issue: Beyond emotion archetypes: Databases for emotion modelling using neural networks
Neural Networks - Special issue: Emotion and brain
2005 Special Issue: Emotion recognition in human-computer interaction
Neural Networks - Special issue: Emotion and brain
2005 Special Issue: Challenges in real-life emotion annotation and machine learning based detection
Neural Networks - Special issue: Emotion and brain
Neural Networks - Special issue: Emotion and brain
ASR for emotional speech: Clarifying the issues and enhancing performance
Neural Networks - Special issue: Emotion and brain
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Audio-visual emotion recognition in adult attachment interview
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Modeling naturalistic affective states via facial and vocal expressions recognition
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Spontaneous vs. posed facial behavior: automatic analysis of brow actions
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Gaze-X: adaptive affective multimodal interface for single-user office scenarios
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Foundations of human computing: facial expression and emotion
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Human computing and machine understanding of human behavior: a survey
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Predicting student emotions in computer-human tutoring dialogues
ACL '04 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Automatic prediction of frustration
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Manifold based analysis of facial expression
Image and Vision Computing
Probabilistic expression analysis on manifolds
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Audio-visual based emotion recognition-a new approach
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Authentic facial expression analysis
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Automatic 3d facial expression analysis in videos
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
Emotion analysis in man-machine interaction systems
MLMI'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Recognition of facial expressions and measurement of levels of interest from video
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Audio-Visual Affect Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Learning from examples in the small sample case: face expression recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
A real-time automated system for the recognition of human facial expressions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
A probabilistic framework for modeling and real-time monitoring human fatigue
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Audiovisual laughter detection based on temporal features
ICMI '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Boosting encoded dynamic features for facial expression recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Similarity Features for Facial Event Analysis
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part I
How people talk when teaching a robot
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
The SEMAINE API: towards a standards-based framework for building emotion-oriented systems
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on emotion-aware natural interaction
Improving the robustness of subspace learning techniques for facial expression recognition
ICANN'10 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Artificial neural networks: Part I
A novel middleware solution to improve ubiquitous healthcare systems aided by affective information
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine - Special section on affective and pervasive computing for healthcare
Dynamic soft encoded patterns for facial event analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Application of NSGA-II to feature selection for facial expression recognition
Computers and Electrical Engineering
International Journal of Speech Technology
Automatic detection of unconscious reactions to illuminance changes in illumination
AMDO'12 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects
Valence, arousal and dominance in the EEG during game play
International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems
Regulating emotion by facial feedback from teleoperated android robot
ICSR'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Social Robotics
Drag and drop the apple: the semantic weight of words and images in touch-based interaction
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
Facing reality: an industrial view on large scale use of facial expression analysis
Proceedings of the 2013 on Emotion recognition in the wild challenge and workshop
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
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Automated analysis of human affective behavior has attracted increasing attention from researchers in psychology, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, and related disciplines. Promising approaches have been reported, including automatic methods for facial and vocal affect recognition. However, the existing methods typically handle only deliberately displayed and exaggerated expressions of prototypical emotions-despite the fact that deliberate behavior differs in visual and audio expressions from spontaneously occurring behavior. Recently efforts to develop algorithms that can process naturally occurring human affective behavior have emerged. This paper surveys these efforts. We first discuss human emotion perception from a psychological perspective. Next, we examine the available approaches to solving the problem of machine understanding of human affective behavior occurring in real-world settings. We finally outline some scientific and engineering challenges for advancing human affect sensing technology.