The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Bayesian Classification With Gaussian Processes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Toward the holodeck: integrating graphics, sound, character and story
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
Expectation Propagation for approximate Bayesian inference
UAI '01 Proceedings of the 17th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
Using TouchPad Pressure to Detect Negative Affect
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Real-Time, Fully Automatic Upper Facial Feature Tracking
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
A family of algorithms for approximate bayesian inference
A family of algorithms for approximate bayesian inference
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
The Bayes Point Machine for computer-user frustration detection via pressuremouse
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
A real-time head nod and shake detector
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
Multimodal affect recognition in learning environments
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Adversarial uses of affective computing and ethical implications
Adversarial uses of affective computing and ethical implications
The handwave bluetooth skin conductance sensor
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
A survey of affect recognition methods: audio, visual and spontaneous expressions
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Experience sampling for building predictive user models: a comparative study
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Detecting Affect from Non-stylised Body Motions
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Towards Knowledge-Based Affective Interaction: Situational Interpretation of Affect
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Interaction Reproducing Model: A Model for Giving Supports Appropriate to User State
PCM '08 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Fundamentals of physiological computing
Interacting with Computers
Power to the people: Leveraging human physiological traits to control microprocessor frequency
Proceedings of the 41st annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Affective game engines: motivation and requirements
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Short-term emotion assessment in a recall paradigm
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009
Coarse-grained detection of student frustration in an introductory programming course
ICER '09 Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on Computing education research workshop
Recognizing and Responding to Student Affect
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Ubiquitous and Intelligent Interaction
Sensors Model Student Self Concept in the Classroom
UMAP '09 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization: formerly UM and AH
Affect-aware tutors: recognising and responding to student affect
International Journal of Learning Technology
Multimethod assessment of affective experience and expression during deep learning
International Journal of Learning Technology
Smart cooking support system based on interaction reproducing model
CEA '09 Proceedings of the ACM multimedia 2009 workshop on Multimedia for cooking and eating activities
Detecting user engagement with a robot companion using task and social interaction-based features
Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Predicting Stress Level Variation from Learner Characteristics and Brainwaves
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Biocybernetic loop: from awareness to evolution
CEC'09 Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation
CCDC'09 Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Chinese control and decision conference
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Reflective assistance for eldercare environments
Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering in Health Care
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Predicting searcher frustration
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Detecting emotional state of a child in a conversational computer game
Computer Speech and Language
Unobtrusive physiological monitoring in an airplane seat
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Measuring visual consistency in 3d rendering systems
ACSC '10 Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Australasian Conferenc on Computer Science - Volume 102
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
Spatiotemporal-boosted DCT features for head and face gesture analysis
HBU'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Human behavior understanding
"Why can't we be friends? " an empathic game companion for long-term interaction
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Subjective difficulty estimation for interactive learning by sensing vibration sound on desk panel
AmI'10 Proceedings of the First international joint conference on Ambient intelligence
International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms
Automatic analysis of affective postures and body motion to detect engagement with a game companion
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction
Towards Systems That Care: A Conceptual Framework based on Motivation, Metacognition and Affect
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Robust classification of face and head gestures in video
Image and Vision Computing
Modeling confusion: facial expression, task, and discourse in task-oriented tutorial dialogue
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
CASEMANS '11 Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Workshop on Context-Awareness for Self-Managing Systems
Form as a cue in the automatic recognition of non-acted affective body expressions
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part II
Using emotional classification model for travel information system
International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering
Pain monitoring: A dynamic and context-sensitive system
Pattern Recognition
Detecting learner frustration: towards mainstream use cases
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
Predicting creativity in the wild: experience sample and sociometric modeling of teams
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
“Yes!”: using tutor and sensor data to predict moments of delight during instructional activities
UMAP'10 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization
Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning
Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning
ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS) - Special section on formal methods in pervasive computing, pervasive adaptation, and self-adaptive systems: Models and algorithms
ZenTrader, an emotion-reactive interface
ICEC'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Entertainment Computing
Modelling empathy in social robotic companions
UMAP'11 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Advances in User Modeling
Switching between different ways to think: multiple approaches to affective common sense reasoning
COST'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and Enactment
Thin slices of interaction: predicting users' task difficulty within 60 sec.
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Spontaneous pain expression recognition in video sequences
VoCS'08 Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Visions of Computer Science: BCS International Academic Conference
Personal state and emotion monitoring by wearable computing and machine learning
BCS-HCI '11 Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Cloud2Bubble: enhancing quality of experience in mobile cloud computing settings
Proceedings of the third ACM workshop on Mobile cloud computing and services
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Real-Time monitoring of ECG and GSR signals during computer-based training
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
EEG estimates of engagement and cognitive workload predict math problem solving outcomes
UMAP'12 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization
Sentic maxine: multimodal affective fusion and emotional paths
ISNN'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Two people walk into a bar: dynamic multi-party social interaction with a robot agent
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Multimodal analysis of the implicit affective channel in computer-mediated textual communication
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Combining verbal and nonverbal features to overcome the 'information gap' in task-oriented dialogue
SIGDIAL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
What Does Touch Tell Us about Emotions in Touchscreen-Based Gameplay?
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Capturing user engagement via psychophysiology: measures and mechanisms for biocybernetic adaptation
International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems
Towards IMACA: intelligent multimodal affective conversational agent
ICONIP'12 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part I
COST'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Cognitive Behavioural Systems
Subject-dependent biosignal features for increased accuracy in psychological stress detection
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Comparing four technologies for measuring postural micromovements during monitor engagement
Proceedings of the 30th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Assessing contextual mood in public transport: a pilot study
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
Recognizing Student Emotions using Brainwaves and Mouse Behavior Data
International Journal of Distance Education Technologies
Detecting student frustration based on handwriting behavior
Proceedings of the adjunct publication of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A dynamic multimodal approach for assessing learners' interaction experience
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Towards affect sensitive and socially perceptive companions
Your Virtual Butler
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge
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Predicting when a person might be frustrated can provide an intelligent system with important information about when to initiate interaction. For example, an automated Learning Companion or Intelligent Tutoring System might use this information to intervene, providing support to the learner who is likely to otherwise quit, while leaving engaged learners free to discover things without interruption. This paper presents the first automated method that assesses, using multiple channels of affect-related information, whether a learner is about to click on a button saying ''I'm frustrated.'' The new method was tested on data gathered from 24 participants using an automated Learning Companion. Their indication of frustration was automatically predicted from the collected data with 79% accuracy (chance=58%). The new assessment method is based on Gaussian process classification and Bayesian inference. Its performance suggests that non-verbal channels carrying affective cues can help provide important information to a system for formulating a more intelligent response.