The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Context-Sensitive Bayesian Classifiers and Application to Mouse Pressure Pattern Classification
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 3 - Volume 3
Affective Learning — A Manifesto
BT Technology Journal
Affective interactions: the computer in the affective loop
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Automatic prediction of frustration
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Affective learning companions: strategies for empathetic agents with real-time multimodal affective sensing to foster meta-cognitive and meta-affective approaches to learning, motivation, and perseverance
Toward an Affect-Sensitive AutoTutor
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Gender-Specific Approaches to Developing Emotionally Intelligent Learning Companions
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Viewing Student Affect and Learning through Classroom Observation and Physical Sensors
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Mind and Body: Dialogue and Posture for Affect Detection in Learning Environments
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Repairing Disengagement With Non-Invasive Interventions
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Emotions and Learning with AutoTutor
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
The handwave bluetooth skin conductance sensor
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Diagnosing self-efficacy in intelligent tutoring systems: an empirical study
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
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This paper describes the use of wireless sensors to recognize student emotion and the use of pedagogical agents to respond to students with these emotions. Minimally invasive sensor technology has reached such a maturity level that students engaged in classroom work can us sensors while using a computer-based tutor. The sensors, located on each of 25 student's chair, mouse, monitor, and wrist, provide data about posture, movement, grip tension, facially expressed mental states and arousal. This data has demonstrated that intelligent tutoring systems can provide adaptive feedback based on an individual student's affective state. We also describe the evaluation of emotional embodied animated pedagogical agents and their impact on student motivation and achievement. Empirical studies show that students using the agents increased their math value, self-concept and mastery orientation.