Socializing the intelligent tutor: bringing empathy to computer tutors
Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Refinement-based student modeling and automated bug library construction
Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Help seeking, learning and contingent tutoring
Computers & Education
Using Bayesian Networks to Manage Uncertainty in Student Modeling
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
DT Tutor: A Decision-Theoretic, Dynamic Approach for Optimal Selection of Tutorial Actions
ITS '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Multimodal Human Emotion/Expression Recognition
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Real-Time, Fully Automatic Upper Facial Feature Tracking
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Affective sensors, privacy, and ethical contracts
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Probabilistic Combination of Multiple Modalities to Detect Interest
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 3 - Volume 03
Affective Learning — A Manifesto
BT Technology Journal
Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Invited Talk: An Exploratory Social-Emotional Prosthetic for Autism Spectrum Disorders
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
Modeling and understanding students' off-task behavior in intelligent tutoring systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automatic prediction of frustration
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Affective learning companions: strategies for empathetic agents with real-time multimodal affective sensing to foster meta-cognitive and meta-affective approaches to learning, motivation, and perseverance
Toward an Affect-Sensitive AutoTutor
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Gender-Specific Approaches to Developing Emotionally Intelligent Learning Companions
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Inferring learning and attitudes from a Bayesian Network of log file data
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Affective and behavioral predictors of novice programmer achievement
ITiCSE '09 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Repairing Disengagement With Non-Invasive Interventions
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Emotions and Learning with AutoTutor
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
A dynamic mixture model to detect student motivation and proficiency
AAAI'06 Proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Affective Gendered Learning Companions
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Generalization of a vision-based computational model of mind-reading
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
The handwave bluetooth skin conductance sensor
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning
Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning
Estimating student proficiency using an item response theory model
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Diagnosing self-efficacy in intelligent tutoring systems: an empirical study
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Building an affective learning companion
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Polite web-based intelligent tutors: Can they improve learning in classrooms?
Computers & Education
Using adaptive empathic responses to improve long-term interaction with social robots
UMAP'11 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on User modeling, adaption, and personalization
Modeling confusion: facial expression, task, and discourse in task-oriented tutorial dialogue
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Automatic identification of affective states using student log data in ITS
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Predicting facial indicators of confusion with hidden Markov models
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
Modelling empathy in social robotic companions
UMAP'11 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Advances in User Modeling
Implicit strategies for intelligent tutoring systems
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Mental workload, engagement and emotions: an exploratory study for intelligent tutoring systems
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Real-Time monitoring of ECG and GSR signals during computer-based training
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Automating next-step hints generation using ASTUS
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Multimodal analysis of the implicit affective channel in computer-mediated textual communication
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Combining verbal and nonverbal features to overcome the 'information gap' in task-oriented dialogue
SIGDIAL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
ARTFul: adaptive review technology for flipped learning
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 45th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education
Knowledge Elicitation Methods for Affect Modelling in Education
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
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Theories and technologies are needed to understand and integrate the knowledge of student affect (e.g., frustration, motivation and self-confidence) into learning models. Our goals are to redress the cognitive versus affective imbalance in teaching systems, develop tools that model student affect and build tutors that elicit, measure and respond to student affect. This article describes our broad approach towards this goal and our three main objectives: develop tools for affect recognition, interventions in response to student affect, and emotionally animated agents.