The emotional hearing aid: an assistive tool for children with Asperger syndrome
Universal Access in the Information Society
Automatic prediction of frustration
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Affective learning companions: strategies for empathetic agents with real-time multimodal affective sensing to foster meta-cognitive and meta-affective approaches to learning, motivation, and perseverance
Toward an Affect-Sensitive AutoTutor
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Early Prediction of Student Frustration
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Empirically building and evaluating a probabilistic model of user affect
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Affect-aware tutors: recognising and responding to student affect
International Journal of Learning Technology
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Modelling Affect in Learning Environments - Motivation and Methods
ICALT '10 Proceedings of the 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies
Affect Detection: An Interdisciplinary Review of Models, Methods, and Their Applications
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
The intricate dance between cognition and emotion during expert tutoring
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
Ranking feature sets for emotion models used in classroom based intelligent tutoring systems
UMAP'10 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization
Characterizing the effectiveness of tutorial dialogue with hidden markov models
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
Monitoring affect states during effortful problem solving activities
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Predicting facial indicators of confusion with hidden Markov models
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
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Recent years have seen a growing recognition of the importance of affect in learning. Efforts are being undertaken to enable intelligent tutoring systems to recognize and respond to learner emotion, but the field has not yet seen the emergence of a fully contextualized model of learner affect. This paper reports on a study of learner affect through an analysis of facial expression in human task-oriented tutorial dialogue. It extends prior work through in-depth analyses of a highly informative facial action unit and its interdependencies with dialogue utterances and task structure. The results demonstrate some ways in which learner facial expressions are dependent on both dialogue and task context. The findings also hold design implications for affect recognition and tutorial strategy selection within tutorial dialogue systems.