Approaches to appreciate information systems methodologies: a soft systems survey
Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Modeling Students' Emotions from Cognitive Appraisal in Educational Games
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Informing the Detection of the Students' Motivational State: An Empirical Study
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech and emotion
Off-task behavior in the cognitive tutor classroom: when students "game the system"
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using the fun toolkit and other survey methods to gather opinions in child computer interaction
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Interaction design and children
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Predicting student emotions in computer-human tutoring dialogues
ACL '04 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Multimodal human-computer interaction: A survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Diagnosing and acting on student affect: the tutor's perspective
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
The relative impact of student affect on performance models in a spoken dialogue tutoring system
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Self Versus Teacher Judgments of Learner Emotions During a Tutoring Session with AutoTutor
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
What Are You Feeling? Investigating Student Affective States During Expert Human Tutoring Sessions
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Affect and Usage Choices in Simulation Problem-Solving Environments
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Towards Predictive Modelling of Student Affect from Web-Based Interactions
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Empirically building and evaluating a probabilistic model of user affect
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Affect-aware tutors: recognising and responding to student affect
International Journal of Learning Technology
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Affect Detection: An Interdisciplinary Review of Models, Methods, and Their Applications
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
Emotion-Oriented Systems: The Humaine Handbook
Emotion-Oriented Systems: The Humaine Handbook
Affect detection from multichannel physiology during learning sessions with AutoTutor
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Emotion regulation during learning
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Modeling learner affect with theoretically grounded dynamic bayesian networks
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
Adapting to when students game an intelligent tutoring system
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Supporting the design contributions of children with autism spectrum conditions
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children
Monitoring affect states during effortful problem solving activities
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Emotions during writing on topics that align or misalign with personal beliefs
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Modelling human tutors' feedback to inform natural language interfaces for learning
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Research on the relationship between affect and cognition in Artificial Intelligence in Education AIEd brings an important dimension to our understanding of how learning occurs and how it can be facilitated. Emotions are crucial to learning, but their nature, the conditions under which they occur, and their exact impact on learning for different learners in diverse contexts still needs to be mapped out. The study of affect during learning can be challenging, because emotions are subjective, fleeting phenomena that are often difficult for learners to report accurately and for observers to perceive reliably. Context forms an integral part of learners' affect and the study thereof. This review provides a synthesis of the current knowledge elicitation methods that are used to aid the study of learners' affect and to inform the design of intelligent technologies for learning. Advantages and disadvantages of the specific methods are discussed along with their respective potential for enhancing research in this area, and issues related to the interpretation of data that emerges as the result of their use. References to related research are also provided together with illustrative examples of where the individual methods have been used in the past. Therefore, this review is intended as a resource for methodological decision making for those who want to study emotions and their antecedents in AIEd contexts, i.e. where the aim is to inform the design and implementation of an intelligent learning environment or to evaluate its use and educational efficacy.