Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications
Neural Networks
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data
ICML '01 Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Tracking Facial Features using Gabor Wavelet Networks
SIBGRAPI '00 Proceedings of the 13th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing
Recognition of Head Gestures Using Hidden Markov Models
ICPR '96 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR '96) Volume III-Volume 7276 - Volume 7276
A real-time head nod and shake detector
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Contextual recognition of head gestures
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Facial Feature Detection and Tracking with Automatic Template Selection
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Emblem Detections by Tracking Facial Features
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
Automatic prediction of frustration
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Robust facial feature tracking under varying face pose and facial expression
Pattern Recognition
Authentic facial expression analysis
Image and Vision Computing
Projected Gradient Methods for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
Neural Computation
Facial Action Unit Recognition by Exploiting Their Dynamic and Semantic Relationships
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Hidden Conditional Random Fields
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Simultaneous Facial Action Tracking and Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Social signal processing: Survey of an emerging domain
Image and Vision Computing
Automatic nonverbal analysis of social interaction in small groups: A review
Image and Vision Computing
Detection of driver fatigue caused by sleep deprivation
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Real-time 2D+3D facial action and expression recognition
Pattern Recognition
Assessment of time dependency in face recognition: an initial study
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Face detection using look-up table based gentle adaboost
AVBPA'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Real time head nod and shake detection using HMMs
KES'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part III
Effective detector and kalman filter based robust face tracking system
PSIVT'06 Proceedings of the First Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Image and Video Technology
Facial action recognition for facial expression analysis from static face images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
A probabilistic framework for modeling and real-time monitoring human fatigue
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Guest Editorial: Gesture and speech in interaction: An overview
Speech Communication
Facial expression recognition based on anatomy
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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Automatic analysis of head gestures and facial expressions is a challenging research area and it has significant applications in human-computer interfaces. We develop a face and head gesture detector in video streams. The detector is based on face landmark paradigm in that appearance and configuration information of landmarks are used. First we detect and track accurately facial landmarks using adaptive templates, Kalman predictor and subspace regularization. Then the trajectories (time series) of facial landmark positions during the course of the head gesture or facial expression are converted in various discriminative features. Features can be landmark coordinate time series, facial geometric features or patches on expressive regions of the face. We use comparatively, two feature sequence classifiers, that is, Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Hidden Conditional Random Fields (HCRF), and various feature subspace classifiers, that is, ICA (Independent Component Analysis) and NMF (Non-negative Matrix Factorization) on the spatiotemporal data. We achieve 87.3% correct gesture classification on a seven-gesture test database, and the performance reaches 98.2% correct detection under a fusion scheme. Promising and competitive results are also achieved on classification of naturally occurring gesture clips of LIlir TwoTalk Corpus.