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Recognizing Human Facial Expressions From Long Image Sequences Using Optical Flow
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Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models
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Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
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Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
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Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Classification of Single Facial Images
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Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
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Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
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Mean Shift: A Robust Approach Toward Feature Space Analysis
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Modeling and Animating Realistic Faces from Images
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Feature-Point Tracking by Optical Flow Discriminates Subtle Differences in Facial Expression
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
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Statistical Cue Integration in DAG Deformable Models
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Dynamic bayesian networks for information fusion with applications to human-computer interfaces
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ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Human expression recognition from motion using a radial basis function network architecture
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Toward a decision-theoretic framework for affect recognition and user assistance
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Facial Action Unit Recognition by Exploiting Their Dynamic and Semantic Relationships
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A survey of affect recognition methods: audio, visual and spontaneous expressions
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International Journal of Computer Vision
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
Emotionally aware automated portrait painting
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Active-Vision System Reconfiguration for Form Recognition in the Presence of Dynamic Obstacles
AMDO '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects
Dynamic vs. Static Recognition of Facial Expressions
AmI '08 Proceedings of the European Conference on Ambient Intelligence
Design facial appearance for roles in video games
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Learning Bayesian network parameters under incomplete data with domain knowledge
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Social signal processing: Survey of an emerging domain
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Automatic temporal segment detection and affect recognition from face and body display
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Novel multiclass classifiers based on the minimization of the within-class variance
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Applying Affect Recognition in Serious Games: The PlayMancer Project
MIG '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Motion in Games
Natural Facial Expression Recognition Using Dynamic and Static Schemes
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part I
A Bayesian approach to recognise facial expressions using vector flows
CompSysTech '09 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies and Workshop for PhD Students in Computing
Facial-component-based bag of words and PHOG descriptor for facial expression recognition
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Modelling human perception of static facial expressions
Image and Vision Computing
A driver fatigue recognition model based on information fusion and dynamic Bayesian network
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Efficient facial expression recognition for human robot interaction
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Robust shape-based head tracking
ACIVS'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advanced concepts for intelligent vision systems
Feature-adaptive motion energy analysis for facial expression recognition
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part I
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Image ratio features for facial expression recognition application
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics - Special issue on game theory
Spatiotemporal-boosted DCT features for head and face gesture analysis
HBU'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Human behavior understanding
Trajectory-based representation of human actions
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Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
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Image and Vision Computing
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Image and Vision Computing
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Facial expression recognition in dynamic sequences: An integrated approach
Pattern Recognition
Linear subspaces for facial expression recognition
Image Communication
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Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Dynamic facial expression analysis based on extended spatio-temporal histogram of oriented gradients
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This paper explores the use of multisensory information fusion technique with Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) for modeling and understanding the temporal behaviors of facial expressions in image sequences. Our facial feature detection and tracking based on active IR illumination provides reliable visual information under variable lighting and head motion. Our approach to facial expression recognition lies in the proposed dynamic and probabilistic framework based on combining DBNs with Ekman's Facial Action Coding System (FACS) for systematically modeling the dynamic and stochastic behaviors of spontaneous facial expressions. The framework not only provides a coherent and unified hierarchical probabilistic framework to represent spatial and temporal information related to facial expressions, but also allows us to actively select the most informative visual cues from the available information sources to minimize the ambiguity in recognition. The recognition of facial expressions is accomplished by fusing not only from the current visual observations, but also from the previous visual evidences. Consequently, the recognition becomes more robust and accurate through explicitly modeling temporal behavior of facial expression. In this paper, we present the theoretical foundation underlying the proposed probabilistic and dynamic framework for facial expression modeling and understanding. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can accurately and robustly recognize spontaneous facial expressions from an image sequence under different conditions.