Iterative point matching for registration of free-form curves and surfaces
International Journal of Computer Vision
Information Retrieval
Model-Based Face Tracking for View-Independent Facial Expression Recognition
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Capturing Subtle Facial Motions in 3D Face Tracking
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expression: Machine Learning and Application to Spontaneous Behavior
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Using a Tensor Framework for the Analysis of Facial Dynamics
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
3D Facial Expression Recognition Based on Primitive Surface Feature Distribution
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Analyzing Facial Expressions Using Intensity-Variant 3D Data For Human Computer Interaction
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 01
Dynamic Texture Recognition Using Local Binary Patterns with an Application to Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Authentic facial expression analysis
Image and Vision Computing
Facial Action Unit Recognition by Exploiting Their Dynamic and Semantic Relationships
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
How to distinguish posed from spontaneous smiles using geometric features
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Facial Expression Recognition Based on 3D Dynamic Range Model Sequences
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part II
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Dynamics of facial expression extracted automatically from video
Image and Vision Computing
Real-time 2D+3D facial action and expression recognition
Pattern Recognition
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on Human-computer interaction
Probabilistic expression analysis on manifolds
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
From facial expression to level of interest: a spatio-temporal approach
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
A Dynamic Texture-Based Approach to Recognition of Facial Actions and Their Temporal Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic 3d facial expression analysis in videos
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
Bilinear Models for 3-D Face and Facial Expression Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Recognition of facial expressions and measurement of levels of interest from video
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Discriminant Graph Structures for Facial Expression Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Facial expression recognition using 3D facial feature distances
ICIAR'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
Editorial: 3D facial behaviour analysis and understanding
Image and Vision Computing
Static and dynamic 3D facial expression recognition: A comprehensive survey
Image and Vision Computing
A multimodal approach for online estimation of subtle facial expression
PCM'12 Proceedings of the 13th Pacific-Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Automatic facial expression recognition in real-time from dynamic sequences of 3D face scans
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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In this paper we propose a method that exploits 3D motion-based features between frames of 3D facial geometry sequences for dynamic facial expression recognition. An expressive sequence is modelled to contain an onset followed by an apex and an offset. Feature selection methods are applied in order to extract features for each of the onset and offset segments of the expression. These features are then used to train GentleBoost classifiers and build a Hidden Markov Model in order to model the full temporal dynamics of the expression. The proposed fully automatic system was employed on the BU-4DFE database for distinguishing between the six universal expressions: Happy, Sad, Angry, Disgust, Surprise and Fear. Comparisons with a similar 2D system based on the motion extracted from facial intensity images was also performed. The attained results suggest that the use of the 3D information does indeed improve the recognition accuracy when compared to the 2D data in a fully automatic manner.