interactions
Performance of optical flow techniques
International Journal of Computer Vision
Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Affective computing
Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
The invisible computer
CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation forVisual Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Looking at People: Sensing for Ubiquitous and Wearable Computing
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Recognition of Human Movement Using Temporal Templates
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Interaction Design
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Connected Vibrations: A Modal Analysis Approach for Non-Rigid Motion Tracking
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Model-Based Face Tracking for View-Independent Facial Expression Recognition
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Communications of the ACM - The disappearing computer
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Introduction to sensing-based interaction
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Handbook of Face Recognition
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Affective multimodal human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Ambient intelligence: visualising the future
Proceedings of the 2005 joint conference on Smart objects and ambient intelligence: innovative context-aware services: usages and technologies
An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Real-time combined 2D+3D active appearance models
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Particle filtering with factorized likelihoods for tracking facial features
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
A comparison of shape constrained facial feature detectors
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Facial action recognition for facial expression analysis from static face images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Learning from examples in the small sample case: face expression recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
A real-time automated system for the recognition of human facial expressions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Ambient Intelligence: A New Multidisciplinary Paradigm
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Responsive environments: User experiences for ambient intelligence
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
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The human face is used to identify other people, to regulate the conversation by gazing or nodding, to interpret what has been said by lip reading, and to communicate and understand social signals, including affective states and intentions, on the basis of the shown facial expression. Machine understanding of human facial signals could revolutionize user-adaptive social interfaces, the integral part of ambient intelligence technologies. Nonetheless, development of a face-based ambient interface that detects and interprets human facial signals is rather difficult. This article summarizes our efforts in achieving this goal, enumerates the scientific and engineering issues that arise in meeting this challenge and outlines recommendations for accomplishing this objective.