A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Application of the Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Recognizing Human Facial Expressions From Long Image Sequences Using Optical Flow
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition: Features Versus Templates
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Dual-State Parametric Eye Tracking
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Parameterized Modeling and Recognition of Activities
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
Locating and extracting the eye in human face images
Pattern Recognition
Human expression recognition from motion using a radial basis function network architecture
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
WIRN VIETRI 2002 Proceedings of the 13th Italian Workshop on Neural Nets-Revised Papers
Monitoring Human Faces from Multi-view Image Sequences
DSV-IS '02 Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification
Audio-Visual Speech Recognition One Pass Learning with Spiking Neurons
ICANN '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks
Facial Expression Analysis under Various Head Poses
PCM '02 Proceedings of the Third IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Emotion in human-computer interaction
The human-computer interaction handbook
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Head-Pose Invariant Facial Expression Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Fully Automatic Upper Facial Action Recognition
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Facial asymmetry quantification for expression invariant human identification
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Real time facial expression recognition in video using support vector machines
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Computer vision in the interface
Communications of the ACM - Multimodal interfaces that flex, adapt, and persist
Robust and Rapid Generation of Animated Faces from Video Images: A Model-Based Modeling Approach
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Research at Microsoft Corporation
Affective Learning — A Manifesto
BT Technology Journal
Recent advances in visual and infrared face recognition: a review
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Video Database of Moving Faces and People
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Mood swings: expressive speech animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Face and body gesture recognition for a vision-based multimodal analyzer
VIP '05 Proceedings of the Pan-Sydney area workshop on Visual information processing
Feature-Based Detection of Facial Landmarks from Neutral and Expressive Facial Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Task oriented facial behavior recognition with selective sensing
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Empathic painting: interactive stylization through observed emotional state
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Meticulously Detailed Eye Region Model and Its Application to Analysis of Facial Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Model Selection for Unsupervised Learning of Visual Context
International Journal of Computer Vision
A facial expression recognition system based on supervised locally linear embedding
Pattern Recognition Letters
Facial emotion recognition by adaptive processing of tree structures
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Recognizing facial expressions using active textures with wrinkles
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 2
Semantic-based facial expression recognition using analytical hierarchy process
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Visual learning of texture descriptors for facial expression recognition in thermal imagery
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust facial feature tracking under varying face pose and facial expression
Pattern Recognition
Distributing expressional faces in 2-D emotional space
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international conference on Image and video retrieval
Expression recognition using fuzzy spatio-temporal modeling
Pattern Recognition
Face recognition using elastic local reconstruction based on a single face image
Pattern Recognition
2D vs. 3D Deformable Face Models: Representational Power, Construction, and Real-Time Fitting
International Journal of Computer Vision
Spatio-temporal graphical-model-based multiple facial feature tracking
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Static topographic modeling for facial expression recognition and analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Inferring facial expressions from videos: Tool and application
Image Communication
Facial Action Unit Recognition by Exploiting Their Dynamic and Semantic Relationships
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust feature detection for facial expression recognition
Journal on Image and Video Processing
International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
Visual inference of human emotion and behaviour
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Affective Computation Driven Personalization Modeling in Game-Based Learning
WI-IATW '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops
Simultaneous Facial Action Tracking and Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
A simple approach to facial expression recognition
CEA'07 Proceedings of the 2007 annual Conference on International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications
A vision-based hybrid method for facial expression recognition
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Ambient media and systems
Emotionally aware automated portrait painting
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts
Reconstruction and Recognition of Occluded Facial Expressions Using PCA
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Feature Ranking Ensembles for Facial Action Unit Classification
ANNPR '08 Proceedings of the 3rd IAPR workshop on Artificial Neural Networks in Pattern Recognition
Towards Emotionally-Intelligent Pedagogical Agents
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Ensemble Approaches to Facial Action Unit Classification
CIARP '08 Proceedings of the 13th Iberoamerican congress on Pattern Recognition: Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis and Applications
Visual-Based Emotion Detection for Natural Man-Machine Interaction
KI '08 Proceedings of the 31st annual German conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Dynamic vs. Static Recognition of Facial Expressions
AmI '08 Proceedings of the European Conference on Ambient Intelligence
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Subtle facial expression recognition using motion magnification
Pattern Recognition Letters
Pose-Invariant Facial Expression Recognition Using Variable-Intensity Templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Recognizing Facial Expressions Using Model-Based Image Interpretation
Multimodal Signals: Cognitive and Algorithmic Issues
Real-time facial expression recognition using STAAM and layered GDA classifier
Image and Vision Computing
Upper Facial Action Unit Recognition
ICB '09 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Biometrics
International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications
Comparing Feature Point Tracking with Dense Flow Tracking for Facial Expression Recognition
IWINAC '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Work-Conference on The Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation: Part II: Bioinspired Applications in Artificial and Natural Computation
Edutainment '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on E-Learning and Games: Learning by Playing. Game-based Education System Design and Development
Perceptually guided expressive facial animation
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Task oriented facial behavior recognition with selective sensing
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Emotion recognition from facial expressions and its control using fuzzy logic
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Overview of automatic facial expressions analysis
VIIP '07 The Seventh IASTED International Conference on Visualization, Imaging and Image Processing
Facial Expression Invariants for Estimating Mental States of Person
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques: Proceedings of the Eighth SoMeT_09
Applying Affect Recognition in Serious Games: The PlayMancer Project
MIG '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Motion in Games
Natural Facial Expression Recognition Using Dynamic and Static Schemes
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part I
Manifold based analysis of facial expression
Image and Vision Computing
Dynamics of facial expression extracted automatically from video
Image and Vision Computing
A Bayesian approach to recognise facial expressions using vector flows
CompSysTech '09 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies and Workshop for PhD Students in Computing
Facial-component-based bag of words and PHOG descriptor for facial expression recognition
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Enhancement of human computer interaction with facial electromyographic sensors
OZCHI '09 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7
Modelling human perception of static facial expressions
Image and Vision Computing
Adjusted pixel features for robust facial component classification
Image and Vision Computing
Real-time emotion recognition using biologically inspired models
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Efficient facial expression recognition for human robot interaction
IWANN'07 Proceedings of the 9th international work conference on Artificial neural networks
Representation of facial features by Catmull-Rom splines
CAIP'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Person-similarity weighted feature for expression recognition
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
A binary decision tree based real-time emotion detection system
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part I
Feature-adaptive motion energy analysis for facial expression recognition
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part I
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on Human-computer interaction
Recognizing facial expression using particle filter based feature points tracker
PReMI'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Pattern recognition and machine intelligence
Facial expression recognition for human-robot interaction: a prototype
RobVis'08 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Robot vision
Image ratio features for facial expression recognition application
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics - Special issue on game theory
Penalized preimage learning in kernel principal component analysis
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Facial expression recognition in JAFFE dataset based on Gaussian process classification
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Accurate facial feature localization on expressional face images based on a graphical model approach
PCM'10 Proceedings of the Advances in multimedia information processing, and 11th Pacific Rim conference on Multimedia: Part II
Audio-visual spontaneous emotion recognition
ICMI'06/IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 international conference on Artifical intelligence for human computing
Facial event classification with task oriented dynamic Bayesian network
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
From facial expression to level of interest: a spatio-temporal approach
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Value directed learning of gestures and facial displays
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Improving dynamic facial expression recognition with feature subset selection
Pattern Recognition Letters
An automated face reader for fatigue detection
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Multimodal coordination of facial action, head rotation, and eye motion during spontaneous smiles
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Mouth state estimation in mobile computing environment
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
A temporal latent topic model for facial expression recognition
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part IV
LevelSet versus AGSnakes as mouth's shape extraction algorithm
SSIP'05 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS international conference on Signal, speech and image processing
An efficient facial expression detection system
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Analysis of face gestures for human-computer interaction
HAIS'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Hybrid artificial intelligent systems - Volume Part I
Facial expression recognition from near-infrared videos
Image and Vision Computing
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
Analysis of landmarks in recognition of face expressions
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis
Human facial expression recognition using hybrid network of PCA and RBFN
ICANN'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Belief theory applied to facial expressions classification
ICAPR'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
Case-Based facial action units recognition using interactive genetic algorithm
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
A canonical face based virtual face modeling
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Facial phoneme extraction for taiwanese sign language recognition
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Comprehending and transferring facial expressions based on statistical shape and texture models
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Facial expression analysis using nonlinear decomposable generative models
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
Facial expression representation based on timing structures in faces
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
Facial expressions in American sign language: Tracking and recognition
Pattern Recognition
An energy minimization process for extracting eye feature based on deformable template
ACCV'06 Proceedings of the 7th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part II
Psychology-Aware video-enabled workplace
UIC'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing
ANNPR'10 Proceedings of the 4th IAPR TC3 conference on Artificial Neural Networks in Pattern Recognition
Appearance manifold of facial expression
ICCV'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computer Vision in Human-Computer Interaction
Joint modeling of facial expression and shape from video
SCIA'05 Proceedings of the 14th Scandinavian conference on Image Analysis
Face recognition using more than one still image: what is more?
SINOBIOMETRICS'04 Proceedings of the 5th Chinese conference on Advances in Biometric Person Authentication
Ambient Intelligence in Everyday Life
iFeeling: vibrotactile rendering of human emotions on mobile phones
Mobile Multimedia Processing
MCS'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multiple Classifier Systems
Performance driven facial animation by appearance based tracking
IbPRIA'05 Proceedings of the Second Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part I
A local region based approach to lip tracking
Pattern Recognition
Towards the improvement of self-service systems via emotional virtual agents
BCS-HCI '12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People and Computers
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Facial expression recognition using tracked facial actions: Classifier performance analysis
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Multi-view facial expression recognition analysis with generic sparse coding feature
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Recognizing facial expressions using a novel shape motion descriptor
Proceedings of the Eighth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
A fast and robust feature set for cross individual facial expression recognition
ICCVG'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Computer Vision and Graphics
ICCVG'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Computer Vision and Graphics
Image and Vision Computing
Learning realistic facial expressions from web images
Pattern Recognition
Designing and implementing affective and intelligent tutoring systems in a learning social network
MICAI'12 Proceedings of the 11th Mexican international conference on Advances in Computational Intelligence - Volume Part II
Locality-Constrained active appearance model
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international workshop on Audio/visual emotion challenge
Why is facial expression analysis in the wild challenging?
Proceedings of the 2013 on Emotion recognition in the wild challenge and workshop
Sensor-less sensing for affective computing and stress management technology
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare
Facial expression recognition in dynamic sequences: An integrated approach
Pattern Recognition
Emotion recognition from geometric facial features using self-organizing map
Pattern Recognition
Linear subspaces for facial expression recognition
Image Communication
| Hi-index | 0.15 |
Most automatic expression analysis systems attempt to recognize a small set of prototypic expressions, such as happiness, anger, surprise, and fear. Such prototypic expressions, however, occur rather infrequently. Human emotions and intentions are more often communicated by changes in one or a few discrete facial features. In this paper, we develop an Automatic Face Analysis (AFA) system to analyze facial expressions based on both permanent facial features (brows, eyes, mouth) and transient facial features (deepening of facial furrows) in a nearly frontal-view face image sequence. The AFA system recognizes fine-grained changes in facial expression into action units (AUs) of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), instead of a few prototypic expressions. Multistate face and facial component models are proposed for tracking and modeling the various facial features, including lips, eyes, brows, cheeks, and furrows. During tracking, detailed parametric descriptions of the facial features are extracted. With these parameters as the inputs, a group of action units (neutral expression, six upper face AUs and 10 lower face AUs) are recognized whether they occur alone or in combinations. The system has achieved average recognition rates of 96.4 percent (95.4 percent if neutral expressions are excluded) for upper face AUs and 96.7 percent (95.6 percent with neutral expressions excluded) for lower face AUs. The generalizability of the system has been tested by using independent image databases collected and FACS-coded for ground-truth by different research teams.