Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Automatic Classification of Single Facial Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Real Time Facial Expression Recognition with Adaboost
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 3 - Volume 03
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
A 3D Facial Expression Database For Facial Behavior Research
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Fully Automatic Facial Action Unit Detection and Temporal Analysis
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
Face Description with Local Binary Patterns: Application to Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Dynamic Texture Recognition Using Local Binary Patterns with an Application to Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Unified Gradient-Based Approach for Combining ASM into AAM
International Journal of Computer Vision
A note on Platt's probabilistic outputs for support vector machines
Machine Learning
LabelMe: A Database and Web-Based Tool for Image Annotation
International Journal of Computer Vision
Face recognition using HOG-EBGM
Pattern Recognition Letters
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Towards Scalable Dataset Construction: An Active Learning Approach
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part I
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
The painful face - Pain expression recognition using active appearance models
Image and Vision Computing
Toward Practical Smile Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
OPTIMOL: Automatic Online Picture Collection via Incremental Model Learning
International Journal of Computer Vision
WLD: A Robust Local Image Descriptor
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Harvesting Image Databases from the Web
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Face recognition by independent component analysis
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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A large amount of labeled training data is required to develop effective and robust facial expression analysis methods. However, obtaining such data is typically a tedious and time-consuming task. With a rapid advance of the Internet and Web technologies, it has been feasible to collect a large number of images with label information at a low cost of human efforts. In this paper, we propose a search based framework to collect realistic facial expression images from the Web so as to further advance research on robust facial expression recognition. Due to the limitation of current commercial web search engines, a large fraction of returned images is not related to a given query keyword. We present a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based active learning approach for selecting relevant images from noisy image search results. The resulting dataset is more diverse with more sample images per expression compared to other well established facial expression datasets such as CK and JAFFE. In addition, a novel facial expression feature based on the state-of-the-art Weber Local Descriptor (WLD) and histogram contextualization is proposed to handle such a challenging dataset. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that our web based dataset is capable of resembling more closely to the real world conditions compared to the CK and JAFFE datasets, and our proposed feature is more effective than the existing widely used features.