IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
EMPATH: face, emotion, and gender recognition using holons
NIPS-3 Proceedings of the 1990 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems 3
Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Recognition of human facial expressions without feature extraction
ECCV '94 Proceedings of the third European conference on Computer vision (vol. 1)
Recognizing Human Facial Expressions From Long Image Sequences Using Optical Flow
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Feature-Point Tracking by Optical Flow Discriminates Subtle Differences in Facial Expression
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Spotting Segments Displaying Facial Expression from Image Sequences Using HMM
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Human expression recognition from motion using a radial basis function network architecture
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Face recognition/detection by probabilistic decision-based neural network
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Emotion-oriented eCommerce systems
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS
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Human face-to-face communication plays an important role in human communication and interaction. In recent years, several different approaches have been proposed for developing methods of automatic facial expression analysis. In this paper, a simple approach to automatic facial expression recognition is presented. The proposed system is able to automatically perform human face detection, feature point extraction and facial expression recognition from image sequences. The facial recognition procedures involves in two stages. At the first stage, three multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) are separately trained to recognize action units involving in the eyebrows, the eyes and the mouth regions. Then individual expression network was trained to recognize five basic facial expressions based on the outputs computed from the aforementioned three MLPs. Experiments were conducted to test the performance of the proposed facial expression recognition system.