Robust facial feature tracking under varying face pose and facial expression
Pattern Recognition
Facial Action Unit Recognition by Exploiting Their Dynamic and Semantic Relationships
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A simple approach to facial expression recognition
CEA'07 Proceedings of the 2007 annual Conference on International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Boosting encoded dynamic features for facial expression recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Facial Feature Extraction Based on Wavelet Transform
AICI '09 Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence
Modelling human perception of static facial expressions
Image and Vision Computing
Person-similarity weighted feature for expression recognition
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Incremental perspective motion model for rigid and non-rigid motion separation
PSIVT'07 Proceedings of the 2nd Pacific Rim conference on Advances in image and video technology
Automatic edge-based localization of facial features from images with complex facial expressions
Pattern Recognition Letters
Recognizing facial actions using Gabor wavelets with neutral face average difference
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Context-independent facial action unit recognition using shape and gabor phase information
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
Continuous emotion recognition using gabor energy filters
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part II
ANNPR'10 Proceedings of the 4th IAPR TC3 conference on Artificial Neural Networks in Pattern Recognition
MCS'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multiple Classifier Systems
Localized discriminative scale invariant feature transform based facial expression recognition
Computers and Electrical Engineering
A fast and robust feature set for cross individual facial expression recognition
ICCVG'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Computer Vision and Graphics
A dynamic approach for detecting naturalistic affective states from facial videos during HCI
AI'12 Proceedings of the 25th Australasian joint conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
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Previous work suggests that Gabor-wavelet-based methods can achieve high sensitivity and specificity for emotion-specified expressions (e.g., happy, sad) and single action units (AUs) of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). This paper evaluates a Gabor-wavelet-based method to recognize AUs in image sequences of increasing complexity. A recognition rate of 83% is obtained for three single AUs when image sequences contain homogeneous subjects and are without observable head motion. The accuracy of AU recognition decreases to 32% when the number of AUs increases to nine and the image sequences consist of AU combinations, head motion, and non-homogeneous subjects. For comparison, an average recognition rate of 87.6% is achieved for the geometry-feature-based method. The best recognition is a rate of 92.7% obtained by combining Gabor wavelets and geometry features.