Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Face Description with Local Binary Patterns: Application to Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Improved Facial Expression Recognition with Trainable 2-D Filters and Support Vector Machines
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Local 3D Shape Analysis for Facial Expression Recognition
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
A Dynamic Texture-Based Approach to Recognition of Facial Actions and Their Temporal Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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This paper presents a new simple and robust set of features to classify emotional states in sequences of facial images. The proposed method is derived from simple geometric-based features that deliver a fast, highly discriminative, low-dimensional, and robust classification across individuals. The proposed method was compared to other state-of-the-art methods such as Gabor, LBP and AAM-based features. They were all compared using four different classifiers and experimental results based on these classifiers have shown that the proposed features are more stable in "leave-same-sequence-image-out" (LSSIO) environments, less computational intense and faster when compared to others.