Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Edge and Keypoint Detection in Facial Regions
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Model-Based Face Tracking for View-Independent Facial Expression Recognition
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Eye Activity Detection and Recognition Using Morphological Scale-Space Decomposition
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Fully Automatic Upper Facial Action Recognition
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Multimodal human-computer interaction: A survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Analysis-by-Synthesis by Learning to Invert Generative Black Boxes
ICANN '08 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Part I
Optimal features subset selection and classification for iris recognition
Journal on Image and Video Processing - Regular
Eye synthesis using the eye curve model
Image and Vision Computing
The facial texture analysis for the automatic portrait drawing
Pattern Recognition
Deterministic and stochastic methods for gaze tracking in real-time
CAIP'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns
Facial parts-based face hallucination method
ICISP'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image and signal processing
Segmentation and labeling of face images for electronic documents
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Hierarchical On-line Appearance-Based Tracking for 3D head pose, eyebrows, lips, eyelids and irises
Image and Vision Computing
Hybrid method based on topography for robust detection of iris center and eye corners
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Salient and non-salient fiducial detection using a probabilistic graphical model
Pattern Recognition
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We propose a system that is capable of detailed analysis of eye region images in terms of the position of the iris, degree of eyelid opening, and the shape, complexity, and texture of the eyelids. The system uses a generative eye region model that parameterizes the fine structure and motion of an eye. The structure parameters represent structural individuality of the eye, including the size and color of the iris, the width, boldness, and complexity of the eyelids, the width of the bulge below the eye, and the width of the illumination reflection on the bulge. The motion parameters represent movement of the eye, including the up-down position of the upper and lower eyelids and the 2D position of the iris. The system first registers the eye model to the input in a particular frame and individualizes it by adjusting the structure parameters. The system then tracks motion of the eye by estimating the motion parameters across the entire image sequence. Combined with image stabilization to compensate for appearance changes due to head motion, the system achieves accurate registration and motion recovery of eyes.