Image and Vision Computing - Special issue: frequency increase for 1991
Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Recognition of Eye Blinking in Spontaneously Occurring Behavior
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 4 - Volume 4
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Active Appearance Models Revisited
International Journal of Computer Vision
Meticulously Detailed Eye Region Model and Its Application to Analysis of Facial Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An active model for facial feature tracking
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Locating Facial Features with an Extended Active Shape Model
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part IV
Adaptive active appearance model with incremental learning
Pattern Recognition Letters
Real-time gaze tracking with appearance-based models
Machine Vision and Applications
Generic vs. person specific active appearance models
Image and Vision Computing
Video-based face model fitting using Adaptive Active Appearance Model
Image and Vision Computing
Face tracking with automatic model construction
Image and Vision Computing
Robust Facial Feature Tracking Using Shape-Constrained Multiresolution-Selected Linear Predictors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust online appearance models for visual tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
International Journal of Computer Vision
Face detection, pose estimation, and landmark localization in the wild
CVPR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Local Evidence Aggregation for Regression-Based Facial Point Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Human behavior sensing for tag relevance assessment
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Multimedia
Correlated-spaces regression for learning continuous emotion dimensions
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Multimedia
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In this paper, we propose an On-line Appearance-Based Tracker (OABT) for simultaneous tracking of 3D head pose, lips, eyebrows, eyelids and irises in monocular video sequences. In contrast to previously proposed tracking approaches, which deal with face and gaze tracking separately, our OABT can also be used for eyelid and iris tracking, as well as 3D head pose, lips and eyebrows facial actions tracking. Furthermore, our approach applies an on-line learning of changes in the appearance of the tracked target. Hence, the prior training of appearance models, which usually requires a large amount of labeled facial images, is avoided. Moreover, the proposed method is built upon a hierarchical combination of three OABTs, which are optimized using a Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) enhanced with line-search procedures. This, in turn, makes the proposed method robust to changes in lighting conditions, occlusions and translucent textures, as evidenced by our experiments. Finally, the proposed method achieves head and facial actions tracking in real-time.