A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Robust regression and outlier detection
Robust regression and outlier detection
Algorithms for solid noise synthesis
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Performance of optical flow techniques
International Journal of Computer Vision
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
Linear Object Classes and Image Synthesis From a Single Example Image
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An anthropometric face model using variational techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
On the Optimization Criteria Used in Two-View Motion Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Determining the Epipolar Geometry and its Uncertainty: A Review
International Journal of Computer Vision
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animated heads from ordinary images: a least-squares approach
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Regularized Bundle-Adjustment to Model Heads from Image Sequences without Calibration Data
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Flexible New Technique for Camera Calibration
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Expressive expression mapping with ratio images
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Acquiring 3-D Models from Sequences of Contours
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
From Regular Images to Animated Heads: A Least Squares Approach
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume I - Volume I
From Synthesis to Analysis: Fitting Human Animation Models to Image Data
CGI '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics
Integration of Eigentemplate and Structure Matching for Automatic Facial Feature Detection
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Face Profiles: Detection, Segmentation, and Registration
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Robust head motion computation by taking advantage of physical properties
HUMO '00 Proceedings of the Workshop on Human Motion (HUMO'00)
A parametric model for human faces.
A parametric model for human faces.
Fast individual face modeling and animation
Proceedings of the second Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment
Model-based human shape reconstruction from multiple views
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A Generative Shape Regularization Model for Robust Face Alignment
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part I
Positioning a point target in an aerial image
Digital Signal Processing
Real-time 3D talking head from a synthetic viseme dataset
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
Automatic and real-time 3D face synthesis
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
Efficient particle filtering using RANSAC with application to 3D face tracking
Image and Vision Computing
Patch-based face recognition from video
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Computer-aided craniofacial reconstruction
ACACOS'10 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on Applied computer and applied computational science
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part I
Efficient model-based linear head motion recovery from movies
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
3D deformable face tracking with a commodity depth camera
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on computer vision conference on Computer vision: Part III
Augmented makeover based on 3D morphable model
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Complex bingham distribution for facial feature detection
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Nearest neighbor weighted average customization for modeling faces
Machine Vision and Applications
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We have developed an easy-to-use and cost-effective system to construct textured 3D animated face models from videos with minimal user interaction. This is a particularly challenging task for faces due to a lack of prominent textures. We develop a robust system by following a model-based approach: we make full use of generic knowledge of faces in head motion determination, head tracking, model fitting, and multiple-view bundle adjustment. Our system first takes, with an ordinary video camera, images of a face of a person sitting in front of the camera turning their head from one side to the other. After five manual clicks on two images to indicate the position of the eye corners, nose tip and mouth corners, the system automatically generates a realistic looking 3D human head model that can be animated immediately (different poses, facial expressions and talking). A user, with a PC and a video camera, can use our system to generate his/her face model in a few minutes. The face model can then be imported in his/her favorite game, and the user sees themselves and their friends take part in the game they are playing. We have demonstrated the system on a laptop computer live at many events, and constructed face models for hundreds of people. It works robustly under various environment settings.